資源描述:
《peru: taquile and its textile art》由會(huì)員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫(kù)。
1、Peru:TaquileandItsTextileArt TheislandofTaquileislocatedonthePeruvianHighAndeanPlateau,intheTiticacaLake,inthedepartmentofPuno.ThecandidatureconcernstheculturalspaceofTaquileIslandanditstextileart,whichisproducedasaneverydayactivitybybothmenandwomen,regardlessoftheirage,andwornbyallcommunityme
2、mbers. TheTaquilepopulationwasrelativelyisolatedfromthemainlanduntilthe1950sandthenotionofcommunityandfamilyisstillverystrongamongthem.TheweavingtraditiononTaquileislandgoesbacktotheancientInca,PukaraandCollacivilizations;itthuskeepselementsfrompre-HispanicAndeanculturesaliveinthepresent.Besid
3、esAymaraandSpanish,theTaquilepeoplespeakQuechua,anindigenouslanguageofPeru. Allweavingisdoneonpre-Hispanicfixedandpedallooms.Themostcharacteristicgarmentsaretheso-calledchullo,aknittedhatwithanearflap,andthecalendarwaistband,depictingtheannualcyclesconnectedtoritualandagriculturalactivities.Th
4、ecalendarwaistbandhasattractedtheinterestofmanyresearchersasitdepictselementsoftheoraltraditionofthecommunityand2itshistory.AlthoughthedesignofTaquiletextilearthasintroducednew,contemporarysymbolsandimages,thetraditionalstyleandtechniquesarestillmaintained. TaquileIslandhastwoschools,oneofwhic
5、hisaspecializedschoolforlearningTaquilehandicrafts,contributingtotheviabilityandcontinuityoftheTaquiletradition. 塔奎勒島,位于秘魯?shù)陌驳谒垢咴?、的的喀喀湖,是普努部落的一部分。塔奎勒島的文化空間及其紡織藝術(shù)構(gòu)成了不分性別、年齡的人們每天的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容,他們每個(gè)人都要穿這些紡織品?! ?0世紀(jì)50年代以前,塔奎勒人一直與大陸隔絕,部落與家族的觀念非常濃厚。塔奎勒島上的紡織習(xí)俗可追溯到古老的印加、普卡拉、考拉文明,至今仍鮮活地保留著西班牙殖民前的安第斯文明的痕跡。除了艾馬拉人和
6、西班牙人以外,塔奎勒人也講一種秘魯?shù)谋就琳Z(yǔ)言――蓋丘亞族語(yǔ)?! ≡谶@里,所有紡織品都用殖民前的腳踏式織布機(jī)織出。最有特色的衣服叫做“扣勒”,即帶有御寒耳罩的編織帽和記述一年儀式、農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)的日歷腰帶。日歷腰帶對(duì)部落傳統(tǒng)和歷史的描述方式吸引了很多研究者。盡管塔奎勒紡織圖案已經(jīng)引進(jìn)了新的、當(dāng)代的符號(hào)和圖像,但它仍然保持著傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)格和技術(shù)?! ∷諐u上有兩所學(xué)校,其中就有一所職業(yè)學(xué)校傳授塔奎勒手工藝,這對(duì)塔奎勒傳統(tǒng)的生存和延續(xù)有著巨大貢獻(xiàn)。2