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1、鴨梨果實石細胞分化特性研究 摘要:以鴨梨為試材,利用透射電鏡顯微技術(shù)和組織化學(xué)技術(shù)對梨果實石細胞分化及次生壁形成過程進行研究。結(jié)果表明,石細胞分化始于開花第7天,原生質(zhì)體收縮于細胞一側(cè),隨后胞內(nèi)出現(xiàn)顆粒狀凝聚物,次生壁逐漸增厚,之后胞質(zhì)繼續(xù)收縮消失,早期形成的石細胞多以群體形式同時出現(xiàn)。石細胞次生壁形成是逐步進行的,即先形成纖維素或半纖維素網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu),再進行木質(zhì)化填充。透射電鏡下石細胞分化過程中依次呈現(xiàn)出細胞核染色質(zhì)凝聚、細胞核變形、核膜界限不清晰的現(xiàn)象;胞內(nèi)出現(xiàn)同心層次的自噬泡,形成大量囊泡;細胞核消失,內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)斷
2、裂并大量增生,質(zhì)膜向內(nèi)突起形成泡狀結(jié)構(gòu);次生壁增厚,胞內(nèi)細胞器僅有線粒體和內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng),最終細胞質(zhì)收縮消失。 關(guān)鍵詞:鴨梨;石細胞;分化;程序性死亡 中圖分類號:S661.2文獻標識碼:A文章編號:0439-8114(2016)19-5021-04 DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.19.031 Abstract:TakingYalipearastestmaterial,themicrostructure,ultrastructureandlignindepositio
3、nprocessofstonecellsinYalifruitletsduringtheearlydifferentiatingperiodwereexaminedbyusinglightmicroscopyandtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM).Theresultsshowedthatallstonecell12clustersinYalipearfruitletsstartedtodifferentiatealmostsimultaneouslyonthe7thdayaft
4、erfullbloom.Entocyteinsomeparenchymacellswasclusteredtogetherandaggregatedatoneside,whichwasthestartofstonecelldifferentiation.Then,theseparenchymacellsshowedsmallandscatteredgranularcytoplasm.Withthethickeningofthesecondarywallinthesecells,thestonecellformed.
5、Itwasalsorevealedthatmostofformerstonecellsdifferentiatedatthesametime.Ultrastructurewasexaminedbyusingtransmissionelectronmicroscopyandtheresultsshowedthattheinitialnucleuswasregularroundness,thefirstsignofthisdegenerationwasthecondensationofthecytoplasm,then
6、chromatincondensed,karyothecadegeneration,andnucleusdeformityfinallydisappearinthecell.Autophagicvacuolewasobservedinthecytoplasm,thenmoreandmorevesicaappeared,andendoplasmicreticulumproliferationanddilation,followedbyblebbingoftheplasmamembrane.Withthethicken
7、ingofsecondarywall,cellularorganellesincludingmitochondriaandendoplasmicreticulumstillwellpreserved,andatlastthecytoplasmshrunkanddisappeared. Keywords:Yalipear;stonecell;differentiation;programmedcelldeath12 梨果酸甜適口、多具芳香,深受人們喜愛。中國和日本等國家是世界上最主要的東方梨生產(chǎn)國,東方梨具有肉質(zhì)
8、多汁、風(fēng)味香甜等優(yōu)點,但因其果實中石細胞含量高而影響了梨果的鮮食品質(zhì)和加工品質(zhì)。石細胞一般是由薄壁細胞經(jīng)過次生壁強烈增厚并高度木質(zhì)化而來,梨果實石細胞在分類上屬于短石細胞[1],在果肉中呈團狀出現(xiàn)。不同品種梨的石細胞形態(tài)、數(shù)量及分布狀態(tài)存在很大差異,是鑒別梨果肉品質(zhì)的重要依據(jù)[2-4],石細胞團的大小、密度和分布是梨果實中較穩(wěn)定的性狀之一[4],現(xiàn)已成為梨主