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1、METAPHYSICSbyAristotletranslatedbyW.D.RossBookI1ALLmenbynaturedesiretoknow.Anindicationofthisisthedelightwetakeinoursenses;forevenapartfromtheirusefulnesstheyarelovedforthemselves;andaboveallothersthesenseofsight.Fornotonlywithaviewtoaction,butevenwhenwearenotgoingtodoanyt
2、hing,wepreferseeing(onemightsay)toeverythingelse.Thereasonisthatthis,mostofallthesenses,makesusknowandbringstolightmanydifferencesbetweenthings.Bynatureanimalsarebornwiththefacultyofsensation,andfromsensationmemoryisproducedinsomeofthem,thoughnotinothers.Andthereforethefor
3、meraremoreintelligentandaptatlearningthanthosewhichcannotremember;thosewhichareincapableofhearingsoundsareintelligentthoughtheycannotbetaught,e.g.thebee,andanyotherraceofanimalsthatmaybelikeit;andthosewhichbesidesmemoryhavethissenseofhearingcanbetaught.Theanimalsotherthanm
4、anlivebyappearancesandmemories,andhavebutlittleofconnectedexperience;butthehumanracelivesalsobyartandreasonings.Nowfrommemoryexperienceisproducedinmen;fortheseveralmemoriesofthesamethingproducefinallythecapacityforasingleexperience.Andexperienceseemsprettymuchlikesciencean
5、dart,butreallyscienceandartcometomenthroughexperience;for'experiencemadeart',asPolussays,'butinexperienceluck.'Nowartariseswhenfrommanynotionsgainedbyexperienceoneuniversaljudgementaboutaclassofobjectsisproduced.FortohaveajudgementthatwhenCalliaswasillofthisdiseasethisdidh
6、imgood,andsimilarlyinthecaseofSocratesandinmanyindividualcases,isamatterofexperience;buttojudgethatithasdonegoodtoallpersonsofacertainconstitution,markedoffinoneclass,whentheywereillofthisdisease,e.g.tophlegmaticorbiliouspeoplewhenburningwithfevers-thisisamatterofart.Witha
7、viewtoactionexperienceseemsinnorespectinferiortoart,andmenofexperiencesucceedevenbetterthanthosewhohavetheorywithoutexperience.(Thereasonisthatexperienceisknowledgeofindividuals,artofuniversals,andactionsandproductionsareallconcernedwiththeindividual;forthephysiciandoesnot
8、cureman,exceptinanincidentalway,butCalliasorSocratesorsomeothercalledbysomesuchindividual
