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《milestones in the history of computers》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在行業(yè)資料-天天文庫(kù)。
1、MilestonesintheHistoryofComputersBelowisalistoffamouspeopleandcomputersinthehistoryofcomputing.Thelistisdividedintofivecategoriesorgenerationsbasedonthetypeoftechnologyusedintheconstructionofthecomputersorcomputingdevices.0thGeneration-Mechanical&Electro-mech
2、anicalUpuntiltheoutbreakoftheSecondWorldWar,computingdevicesweremechanicalorelectro-mechanical.Thefirst"known"mechanicalcalculator(asidefromtheabacus)wasWilhelmSchickard's"CalculatingClock"(1623).Thisdevicewaslostearlyonsoformanyyearsitwasbelievedthatacalcula
3、torinventedbyBlaisePascalin1642wasthefirstmechanicalcalculator.Pascal'sPascalinecouldonlyaddandsubtractandalthoughPascaltriedtomarkethisinvention,itshighcostandtechnicalunreliabilitydidnotmakeita"bestseller".GottfriedWilhelmvonLeibnizalsoinventedacalculator,o
4、nethatcouldalsomultiply(usingrepeatedaddition).Again,thetechnologyofthetimedidnotmakeforareliabledevicealthoughLiebniz'sideaswerebasicallysound.CharliesBabbage,a19thcentury"polymath"devisedacalculatingmachine,theDifferenceEngineI(1823)whichcouldbeusedtomechan
5、icallygeneratemathematicaltables.HeevenobtainedfundingfromtheBritishgovernmenttobuildit.Unfortunately,themachinewasnevercompletedpartlybecauseofthetechnologicaldifficultiesinherentinconstructingsocomplexamechanicaldeviceandperhapspartlyduetoBabbage'sbecomingi
6、nterestedinbuildingamoreambitiouscalculatingmachine,theAnalyticEngine(alsoneverconstructed).TheAnalyticEnginewasessentiallyageneralpurpose-calculatingdevice.Ithada"store"whichcouldstorenumbersanda"mill"whichwouldperformasequenceofcalculations.Afriendofhis,Aug
7、ustaAdaByron,latertheCountessofLovelace,becameinterestedinBabbage'sworkanddidmuchtopopularizehisdevice.Sheevenwrotea"program"fortheAnalyticEngineandthussheisconsideredtobethefirstcomputerprogrammer.MechanicalCalculators1."CalculatingClock"(1623)-WilhelmSchick
8、ard2.Pascaline(1642)-BlaisePascal(1623-1662)3.GottfriedWilhelmvonLeibniz(1646-1716)4.CharlesBabbage(1792-1871)oDifferenceEngineI(1823)&IIoAnalyticEngine(1833)§TheAnalyticEngineWebSiteatht
