基于能量均衡無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)多徑路由的研究

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1、南京航空航天大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文摘要微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)通信和人工智能技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展及日益成熟使得無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為當(dāng)前研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)由于傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)自身能量非常有限在實(shí)際應(yīng)用環(huán)境中一個(gè)很重要的問(wèn)題就是如何降低節(jié)點(diǎn)的能耗從而延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生命期路由協(xié)議的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)提高無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的整體性能具有舉足輕重的意義如何合理地設(shè)計(jì)路由協(xié)議從而節(jié)省傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量并最終延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生命期是本文的研究重點(diǎn)本文對(duì)無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)的能耗進(jìn)行分析對(duì)適用于無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由策略和典型路由協(xié)議進(jìn)行研究特別是對(duì)其節(jié)能性進(jìn)行分析研究針對(duì)無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)集中式數(shù)據(jù)收集多跳傳輸模型和多對(duì)一通信的特征會(huì)造成能量空洞本文

2、設(shè)計(jì)了一種能在節(jié)點(diǎn)間均衡能量的多路徑路由協(xié)議該協(xié)議綜合考慮了網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載平衡節(jié)點(diǎn)剩余能量多跳最短路徑等因素基于層次網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型依據(jù)路徑關(guān)鍵能量構(gòu)建了能量平衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)按照關(guān)鍵能量比率在節(jié)點(diǎn)間實(shí)現(xiàn)能量的負(fù)載平衡此外本文還提出了適用于該算法的局部修復(fù)機(jī)制能最大限度地增強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可生存性本文詳細(xì)描述了所提出路由協(xié)議的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程并且利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真工具NS2對(duì)該協(xié)議的性能進(jìn)行評(píng)估結(jié)果表明所設(shè)計(jì)的協(xié)議可延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命期具有良好的整體性能和一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值關(guān)鍵詞無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議能量均衡多路徑路由能量空洞問(wèn)題,NS2i基于能量均衡的無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)多徑路由研究ABSTRACTWiththerapiddev

3、elopmentandincreasinglymatureofMEMS(Micro-electro-mechanicalsystems),computer,communicationandartificialintelligencetechnology,wirelesssensornetworks(WSNs)havebecomeaveryhotresearchtopic.Sincesensornodeshavestringentlimitationsofenergy,computation,communicationandmemorycapabilities,howto

4、savetheenergyofthesensorsinordertoprolongthelifetimeofthewholenetworkisachallengingissue.RoutingisoneofthemostimportantfunctionsinWSNs.Inthispaper,wefocusondesigningenergy-efficientroutingprotocolsinWSNs.Thispaperanalyzesenergyconsumptionofsensornodesandresearchesroutingstrategiesandtypi

5、calroutingprotocolsappliedtoWSNs,especiallycomparetheenergy-savingperformanceofthoseprotocols.Wirelesssensornetworksarecharacterizedbycentralizeddatagathering,multi-hopcommunicationandmany-to-onetrafficpattern,thesethreecharacteristicsmaygiverisetoEnergyHoleProblem,sothispaperdesignsamul

6、ti-pathroutingprotocolwithenergy-balanced.Considernetworkloadbalance,multi-hop,noderesidualenergy,theshortestpathandsoon,weconstructtheenergy-balancednetworkbasedonpath’scrucialenergyusethelayerednetworkmodel,thenaccordingtocrucialenergyratiotoachieveenergy-balancedamongthenodes.Inadditi

7、on,thispaperproposesalocalrepairmechanismappliedtothealgorithm,enhancethesurvivabilityofthenetworkThispaperdescribestheproposedprotocolindetailandmakesasimulationndexperimentontheNS2(NetworkSimulator2)platform,theexperimentresultdemonstratesthattheproposedprotocolprolongs