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1、摘要親水/親油多孔材料的制備多孔材料的應(yīng)用正日益廣泛,本文通過合成一種新型多孔材料使之具備對(duì)環(huán)境的自我調(diào)節(jié)能力,這種多孔材料的孔徑可根據(jù)環(huán)境濕度的變化而變化,從而可以在某些特殊領(lǐng)域中應(yīng)用。實(shí)驗(yàn)中以親油性單體苯乙烯(PS)以及親水性單體丙烯酰胺㈣為例進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)研究,首先通過反相濃乳液聚合(W/O)的方法合成聚苯乙烯(PS)多孔基體,然后利用浸泡的方式在基體中合成聚丙烯酰胺(YAM),由于聚合中存在體積收縮,因此得到的復(fù)合材料仍具有一定的自由孔隙。將PS/PAM復(fù)合材料用掃描電鏡(SEM)觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)為連續(xù)的互穿結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)孔徑隨AM濃度的增加而減
2、小。另外,我們用壓汞測(cè)孔法(MIP)對(duì)不同PS基體制備的復(fù)合材料進(jìn)行了孔隙率和孔徑的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)孔隙率隨濃乳液分散相體積分?jǐn)?shù)的增加而增大,材料中始終存在兩種孔,大孔孔徑為10/am左右,小孔為3/an左右,孔徑變化不大。實(shí)驗(yàn)中對(duì)采用不同濃度AM溶液合成的復(fù)合材料進(jìn)行了吸水性以及飽和水蒸氣滲透性實(shí)驗(yàn),兩者實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相似,AM濃度越高,吸水率越低,在飽和水蒸氣中達(dá)到閉孔的時(shí)間越短,反之,則吸水率越高,閉孔時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)。通過以上研究,我們可以知道這種復(fù)合材料在低濕度條件下能夠保持高透過性,當(dāng)濕度增加的時(shí)候滲透性降低,從可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)環(huán)境的自我調(diào)節(jié)。關(guān)鍵詞:濃
3、乳液,多孔材料,聚苯乙烯,聚丙烯酰胺,滲透北京化工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文PREn鍆RATIoNoFHYDRoPmLIC/HYDRoPHoBICPORoUSM訟TERIAI,SABSTRACTInrecentyears,porousmaterialsarebecomingwidelyusedandmuchattentionhasbeenfocusedonthem.Inthisarticle,ouraimwastosynthesizeanovelporousmaterialwhichhadtheabilitytoadaptenvironmentau
4、tomatically.ThiskindofmaterialcanadjustthehumidityofenvironmentSOastobeusedinspecialfields.Asasamplework,polystyrene(PS)andpolyacrylamide(PAM)wereselectedasthehydrophobicandhydrophilicpolymers,respectively.Anopen-celledPSmatrixwasfirstpreparedbyverseconcentratedemulsionpo
5、lymerization(w/o).ThentheporousmatrixwasimpregnatedinAMsolutionwhichsubjectedtopolymerizeinthecellsandintercellularpores.Becauseofthevolumecontractionduringpolymerization,somefreespaceexistedinthePS/PAMcomposite.ScanningElectronMicroscopy(SEM)wasusedtostudythemorphologyof
6、thecomposite.TheresultsshowedthatPAMwaspenetratedinthecellsandintercellularporesofPSmatrix,andtheporesizewasincreasedastheincreasingofAMconcentration.TheporosityandtheporesizedistributionwererecordedbyMercuryIntrusionPorosimetry(MIP).AstheincreasingofH摘要volumefractionofth
7、econcentratedemulsion,theporositywasincreased.Twokindsofporesexistedinthecomposite,andtheporesizeofthelargeoneandthesmallonearelObanand3/on,respectively.Waterabsorptionandvaporpermeationwerebothinvestigatedinthiswork,andtheresultsshowedthesimilartrend.WiththeincreasingofA
8、Mconcentration,thewaterabsorptionwasdecreasedandmuchmoretimewasneededtomakethecompositebecomeclo