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1、摘要電渣熔鑄技術(shù)屬于近凈成形技術(shù),它將金屬的精煉提純和結(jié)晶凝固成型集中到一步完成,成型的鑄件冶金質(zhì)量好,而且其形狀尺寸接近或等于最終產(chǎn)品。利用計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行電渣熔鑄鋼錠微觀組織模擬,可以生成一系列”金相圖”,為分析研究微觀組織形成提供很好的條件,做到組織預(yù)報(bào),進(jìn)而為完善電渣熔鑄工藝,提高鋼錠質(zhì)量提供理論指導(dǎo)。本文研究首次利用動(dòng)態(tài)的宏微觀耦合模型,采用雙重時(shí)間步,對(duì)電渣熔鑄鋼錠微觀組織的形成過程進(jìn)行了模擬。首先,在每一宏觀時(shí)間步,在金屬熔池上方加一層和渣池溫度相同的液態(tài)金屬,并對(duì)涉及區(qū)域,采用較粗的網(wǎng)格(單元)根據(jù)傳熱差分方程
2、模擬鋼錠宏觀溫度場;其次,在每一微觀時(shí)間步,對(duì)涉及的宏觀單元進(jìn)行細(xì)密的網(wǎng)格劃分,采用有限元形函數(shù)四點(diǎn)插值法得到微觀的溫度場。利用元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)法進(jìn)行電渣熔鑄鋼錠微觀組織模擬。同時(shí)采用改進(jìn)的結(jié)晶潛熱法處理宏觀元胞和微觀元胞之間的耦合,探討了渣池溫度、底部冷卻、側(cè)面冷卻和熔鑄速度等工藝因素對(duì)電渣熔鑄鋼錠微觀組織的影響。在電渣熔鑄過程中,柱狀晶取向和金屬熔池形狀互相影響,并受邊界散熱條件和內(nèi)部溫度場的影響。隨著鋼錠高度的增長,柱狀晶傾向軸向生長,金屬熔池也越來越趨近于拋物面形狀。在其它條件不變的情況下,提高渣池溫度或增大底部冷卻系
3、數(shù)或減小側(cè)面冷卻系數(shù),均導(dǎo)致電渣熔鑄鋼錠凝固組織傾向軸向生長,熔池深度變淺。反之,則導(dǎo)致凝固組織傾向徑向生長,熔池深度變深。當(dāng)熔化速度較大時(shí),金屬熔池深度增加,容易出現(xiàn)無定向的等軸晶。模擬結(jié)果和實(shí)際情況基本相符。關(guān)鍵詞:計(jì)算機(jī)模擬,電渣熔鑄,宏觀溫度場,微觀組織,CA方法IAbstractTheESRtechnologybelongstothenetshapingtechnology.Itcentralizesthemetalrefinementpureandthecrystallizationsolidificatio
4、nshapingononestep,andmakestheformedpartnotonlyhavegoodmetallurgical,butalsohavethesizeofformclosetoorevenequaltothefinalproducts.Therelatedmicrostructurewassimulatedonthecomputer,andaseriesof”thephasediagram”canbeobtainedconveniencely,whichprovidedagoodconditionf
5、orthemicrostructureanalyticalstudy,andbywhichtheactualproductioncanbeinstructedinordertogettheperfectelectroslagcastingcraftandtoimprovethesteelingotqualityInthispaper,themicrostructureintheESCingotsolidificationprocesswerefirstlysimulatedbyusingthemacroandmicrod
6、ynamiccouplingmodelandapplingdoubletimestep,onthebasisofmetalcoagulationtheory.Ineachtimemacrostep,alayerofliquidmetalwasaddedinthepoolabove,whosetemperaturewasatthesameastheslagpool’s.Throughthickergrid(unit),thetemperatureinalljoinedregionalwascalculated,accord
7、ingtothefinitedifferenceequationonthebasisofTheFourierheattransferequation;Ineachtimemicrostep,amoredetailedgridwasmadeonthemacro-temperaturefield,themicro-simulationoftemperaturedistributionwasachievedbyusingthefiniteelementshapefunctionsfourinterpolation,onwhic
8、hmicrostructurewassimulated.Simultaneouslythelinkbetweenthemacroscopicstructurecellandthemicroscopicstructurecellwasbuiltbythemeliorativelatentheatmethod.Accor