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1、摘要焊接作為一門重要的制造技術(shù),在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著無可替代的重要作用。對(duì)于生產(chǎn)效率高、應(yīng)用廣泛的熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊,熔滴的尺寸大小、熔滴的過渡形式和電弧行為是影響焊縫成形和焊接質(zhì)量的極為重要因素,不同的熔滴過渡形式將對(duì)焊接電弧的穩(wěn)定、焊接冶金、焊縫的成形、熔深及材料的消耗等產(chǎn)生決定性的影響。因此,為了提高熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊的焊接質(zhì)量,使其技術(shù)走向成熟,特別是新研制的焊接材料對(duì)其焊接過程的電弧特性及熔滴過渡的研究是必要的。本課題主要是利用以激光為背光的高速攝像系統(tǒng)獲取電弧形態(tài)和熔滴過渡模式,配合信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)同步獲取焊接過程電流和電壓波形圖等試驗(yàn)手段,在吸取國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)
2、上,研究980Mpa級(jí)鋼焊接用特種焊絲A、B與普通焊絲H08Mn2SiA電弧形態(tài)和熔滴過渡的區(qū)別,具體來說是:1.結(jié)合對(duì)不同焊接參數(shù)下熔滴過渡的高速攝像照片,對(duì)比、分析實(shí)驗(yàn)用兩種特種焊絲與普通焊絲在焊接過程中熔滴過渡的異同;2.通過實(shí)驗(yàn)分析,掌握在不同保護(hù)氣氛下,不同焊接參數(shù)條件下焊絲熔化特別是熔滴過渡性能,為這兩種特種焊絲的實(shí)際應(yīng)用奠定理論基礎(chǔ)和提供支撐數(shù)據(jù)。通過大量試驗(yàn),我們得到主要結(jié)論是:使用特種焊絲焊接時(shí)聲音柔和,電弧穩(wěn)定,熔滴過渡順利,焊縫成型好,故特種焊絲更適合用于超高強(qiáng)鋼的焊接。關(guān)鍵詞:熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊高速攝像電弧形態(tài)熔滴過渡ABSTRACTWeldingasanimp
3、ortantmanufacturingtechnologyisplayinganirreplaceableimportantroleineconomicconstructionandsocialdevelopment.Thesizeofdroplets,theformsofmetaltransferandarcpropertiesareextremelyimportantfactorswhichimpactonthequalityofweldingandtheweldingseamforming.Differentmetaltransferformswillgiveadecisive
4、impactonarcstability,weldingmetallurgy,weldingseam.penetrationandmaterialconsumptionandSOon.Therefore,inordertoenhancethequalityofGMAWandmakethetechnologybetter,SOitisnecessarytoresearchthearcpropertiesandmetaltransfer.Wemakeuseofhigh.speedcamerausedbylasertogetarcshapeandmetaltransfermodesands
5、imultaneouslyuseofsignalpickingsystemtosync‘gainweldingcurrentandvoltagesignals.OnthebaseofassimilatingcorrelatingexperiencehomeandabroadtoresearchdifferencesofarcpropertyandmetaltransferbetweenspecialweldingwiresA、Bwhichareusedfor980Mpa—classsteelweldingandcommonwireH08Mn2SiA.Thatis:1.combinat
6、ionofhigh—speedcameraimageswithdifferentweldingparameterstocontrastandanalyzethedifferencesofmetaltransferbetweenthetwospecialwiresandthecommonwire.2.masterthewiremeltingperformanceswithdifferentatmospheresanddifferentweldingparametersinparticularthemetaltransferperformancetoestablishtheoretica
7、lbasisandgivesupportingdataforpracticalapplicationofthespecialwires.Onthebaseofmuchexperiment,wegetthemainconclusionare:thespecialwireshavesoftweldingvoice、stablearc、smoothmetaltransferandbetterweldingseamforming,SOthatthespecialw