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1、金屬扳材激光彎曲成形的數(shù)值模擬及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究摘要金屬板材激光彎曲成形是一種新型的、具有高度柔性的板材加工方法。它是用激光照射金屬板材產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)應(yīng)力使板材發(fā)生彎曲變形，無(wú)需模具和外力。特別適用于形狀簡(jiǎn)單的單件、小批量工件的彎曲成形，在船舶、汽車、航空航天和微電子等領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文對(duì)用有限元分析軟件MSC．Marc建立的船用中厚鋼板激光彎曲成形三維熱力耦合有限元模型進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。利用溫度位移數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)對(duì)扳材激光彎曲成形實(shí)驗(yàn)中溫度和彎曲變形量的變化進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)量，模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果吻合較好，從而驗(yàn)證模型的準(zhǔn)確性。使用優(yōu)
2、化方法建立中厚船用鋼板激光多次掃描彎曲成形的有限元模型，模擬計(jì)算了成形過程溫度、彎曲變形及應(yīng)力分布，總結(jié)了板材多次掃描彎曲成形中的一些規(guī)律，分析了這些規(guī)律產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)部原因。對(duì)尺寸更大的船用鋼板激光彎曲成形進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，分析和討論了大尺寸板材激光彎曲成形數(shù)值模擬的難點(diǎn)和主要應(yīng)解決的問題，初步建立了成形過程的三維熱力耦合有限元模型，計(jì)算了溫度場(chǎng)、變形場(chǎng)和應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的分布，分析了成形過程影響計(jì)算精度的因素。用殘余應(yīng)力場(chǎng)解釋了不同厚度鋼板多次掃描彎曲成形規(guī)律不一致的原因。本文還對(duì)厚度為2mm的OT4鈦合金薄板激光彎曲成形進(jìn)行了實(shí)
3、驗(yàn)研究，總結(jié)了激光參數(shù)對(duì)薄板彎曲角度的影晌規(guī)律。關(guān)鍵詞：金屬板材：激光；彎曲成形：數(shù)值模擬；有限元金屬板材激光彎曲成形的數(shù)值模擬及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究AbstractLaserformingisarecentlydevelopedandhighlyflexiblemetalformingprocess．Ituseslaser．inducedthermaIstresstoshapeametalworkpiecewithouthardtoolingorexternalforces．Itisespeciallyapplyforform
4、ingsingleproductorsmallquantitymanufacturedproducts，whichmakesitpromisinginshipbuilding，automobile，aerospace，microelectronicindustriesandSOon．Inthispaper，the3-Dthermo—mechanicalcoupledfiniteelement(FE)modeloflaserbendingofmoderatelythickshipbuildingsteelplateis
5、optimizedthatisbuiltupusingthesoftwareMSC．Marc．Correspondingexperimentsareperformedtoevaluatetheaccuracyofthesimulation．TheFEsimulatedresultsagreewellwithexperimentalresults．Anoptimizedcoupledmodelisbuiltupthatdescribesthebendingprocessinasteelplatefollowingmul
6、tiple—irradiationoflaser．Thetemperature，displacementandstressdistributionaresimulatedusethemodel．Somerulesintheprocessaresummarizedandthereasonsareanalyzedaccordingtothesimulatedresults．Experimentsandsimulationrelatedtothelaserbendingofsteelplateswithlargerdime
7、nsionarecarriedout．ThedifficultiesandproblemsshouldberesolvedinsimulationarediscussedThetemperature，thedisplacementandthestressfieldsarecalculatedusingthefoundedmodel．ThefactorsinfluentprecisionofsimulationarediscIISSedandthereasonwhythedistortiontrendofdiffere
8、ntthickplatesarenotconsistentareexplainedbythecalculatedresidualstressdistribution．Inaddition，laserbendingexperimentsof2ram-thickOT4titaniumalloythinplateareperformedandthei
