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1、電子科技大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文無(wú)線多跳網(wǎng)絡(luò)Geocast多播協(xié)議的研究姓名:馬長(zhǎng)青申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專業(yè):通信與信息系統(tǒng)指導(dǎo)教師:冷甦鵬20100501摘要無(wú)線多跳網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有無(wú)基站,無(wú)中心控制,網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)隨意移動(dòng)等特點(diǎn)。Geocast多播協(xié)議(基于位置信息多播協(xié)議)是一種基于方向性投遞的無(wú)線多播路由協(xié)議,具有數(shù)據(jù)冗余度低,時(shí)延小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),因而受到了業(yè)界的廣泛重視。現(xiàn)有Geocast協(xié)議能較好的實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),利用轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)區(qū)域來(lái)抑制部分節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)包,減小數(shù)據(jù)冗余。但當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中節(jié)點(diǎn)較為密集,現(xiàn)有Geocast協(xié)議存在數(shù)據(jù)冗余度較高,信道競(jìng)爭(zhēng)較大,造成了數(shù)據(jù)丟包率較大,數(shù)據(jù)包轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)次數(shù)較多,增
2、加了端到端的時(shí)延。為了減少端到端的時(shí)延和數(shù)據(jù)冗余度,本文提出改進(jìn)的GeoGRID協(xié)議。改進(jìn)型GeoGRID協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)了合理尺寸的網(wǎng)格,并設(shè)計(jì)了網(wǎng)格的建立策略。本文設(shè)計(jì)了網(wǎng)格的網(wǎng)關(guān)選取算法,在轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)區(qū)內(nèi),網(wǎng)格選取距離網(wǎng)格中心最近的節(jié)點(diǎn)為網(wǎng)關(guān)。在目的區(qū)域內(nèi),提出了判斷邊緣網(wǎng)關(guān)的方法和目的區(qū)的邊緣網(wǎng)格多網(wǎng)關(guān)選擇算法。并重點(diǎn)分析了節(jié)點(diǎn)在網(wǎng)格間的切換過(guò)程(包括節(jié)點(diǎn)所在原來(lái)網(wǎng)格的交互流程和新加入網(wǎng)格的交互流程),通過(guò)網(wǎng)格切換使改進(jìn)型GeoGRID協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于網(wǎng)格的節(jié)點(diǎn)管理。本文基于GeoGRID協(xié)議提出了兩種新的GeoGRID改進(jìn)協(xié)議:即GeoGRID.LBM協(xié)議和基于兩跳信息的A
3、.GeoGRID(AdvancedGeoGRID)協(xié)議。GeoGRID.LBM協(xié)議結(jié)合了現(xiàn)有GeoGRID協(xié)議和LBM.2協(xié)議的優(yōu)點(diǎn),采用向距離目的區(qū)中心最近的網(wǎng)關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)投遞數(shù)據(jù)的路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)算法,這種算法具有較強(qiáng)的方向性,減少了端到端的時(shí)延。A.GeoGRID協(xié)議利用網(wǎng)關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)掌握兩跳網(wǎng)關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)鄰居的信息,向距離目的區(qū)中心最近的兩跳網(wǎng)關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)方向投遞。這有利于增強(qiáng)數(shù)據(jù)包轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)方向性,減少信道競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和回退概率,從而減少數(shù)據(jù)端到端的時(shí)延,同時(shí)降低數(shù)據(jù)冗余,提高了協(xié)議在稀疏網(wǎng)絡(luò)的穩(wěn)定性。最后,本文采用OPNET進(jìn)行協(xié)議仿真,仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,改進(jìn)協(xié)議明顯減少了數(shù)據(jù)冗余度,降低了數(shù)據(jù)沖突率,端
4、到端延時(shí)也明顯縮短。關(guān)鍵詞:無(wú)線多跳網(wǎng)絡(luò),多播,Geocast,網(wǎng)格Abstract’IhefeatureofwirelessMulti。hopnetworksisnobasestations.nocentralcontr01.TheGeocastprotocols(geographylocation-basedmulticastprotocols)whicharewirelessmulticastroutingprotocolsbasedondirectionaldelivery,canreducethedataredundancyandthedelayofendt
5、oend.SotheGeocastprotocolsarewidelyabsorbedattentionbyrelatedindustry.TheexitingGeocastprotocolscallforwardthepackettothedestinationregion、析thforwardingregion.Inordertodecreasethedataredundancy.theyuseforwardregiontosuppresstoforwarddatapacketsofmostnodes.Whenthenetworksisdense,theexiti
6、ngGeocastprotocolshavetheshortcomingofthelargedataredundancyandtheseriouslychannelcompetitionleadingtothehighrateofdatadropped,morefrequentofdatapacketforwardingandthelongerofthedelayofendtoend.thepaperwillproposetwoprotocolsbasedGeoGRIDprotoc01.Inordertodecreasethedelayandthedataredund
7、ancy,thepaperwillproposetwoprotocolsbasedGeoGRIDprotoc01.Theproposedprotocolsdesigntheappropriatelengthofthegridandthestrategyofbuildingthenetworkgdd.Thenwedesignthegatewayselectionalgorithminforwardingregionandindestinationregion.Inforwardingregion,thenodewhichisnearesttothece