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1、AnalysisofMineralTrappingforCO2DisposalinDeepAquifersTianfuXu,JohnA.Apps,andKarstenPruessEarthSciencesDivision,LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA94720.Abstract.CO2disposalintodeepaquifershasbeensuggestedasapotentialm
2、eanswherebyatmosphericemissionsofgreenhousegasesmaybereduced.However,ourknowledgeofthegeohydrology,geochemistry,geophysics,andgeomechanicsofCO2disposalmustberefinedifthistechnologyistobeimplementedsafely,efficiently,andpredictably.Asapreludetoafullyco
3、upledtreatmentofphysicalandchemicaleffectsofCO2injection,wehaveanalyzedtheimpactofCO2immobilizationthroughcarbonateprecipitation.Asurveyofallmajorclassesofrock-formingminerals,whosealterationwouldleadtocarbonateprecipitation,indicatedthatveryfewminera
4、lsarepresentinsufficientquantitiesinaquiferhostrockstopermitsignificantsequestrationofCO2.WeperformedbatchreactionmodelingofthegeochemicalevolutionofthreedifferentaquifermineralogiesinthepresenceofCO2athighpressure.Ourmodelingconsidered(1)redoxprocess
5、esthatcouldbeimportantindeepsubsurfaceenvironments,(2)thepresenceoforganicmatter,(3)thekineticsofchemicalinteractionsbetweenthehostrockmineralsandtheaqueousphase,and(4)CO2solubilitydependenceonpressure,temperatureandsalinityofthesystem.Thegeochemicale
6、volutionunderbothnaturalbackgroundandCO2injectionconditionswasevaluated.Inaddition,changesinporosityweremonitoredduringthesimulations.ResultsindicatethatCO2sequestrationbymatrixmineralsvariesconsiderablywithrocktype.Underfavorableconditionstheamountof
7、CO2thatmaybesequesteredbyprecipitationofsecondarycarbonatesiscomparablewithandcanbelargerthantheeffectofCO2dissolutioninporewaters.Theprecipitationofankeriteandsideriteissensitivetotherateofreductionofferricmineralprecursorssuchasglauconite,whichintur
8、nisdependentonthereactivityofassociatedorganicmaterial.TheaccumulationofcarbonatesintherockmatrixandinducedrockmineralalterationduetothepresenceofdissolvedCO2leadtoaconsiderabledecreaseinporosity.Thenumericalexperimentsdescribedhereprovideusef
