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1、摘要本文采用傳統(tǒng)的鑄錠冶金法制備了含不同量Er的1420A1一Li合金,借助各種測試分析手段,研究了不同含量Er對鋁鋰合金在不同狀態(tài)(鑄態(tài)、時效態(tài))下的力學性能與微觀組織的影響,深入分析了Er在合金中的存在形式、與合金元素的交互作用、對合金的強化機理。此外,本文還初步探討了Er對A卜Li合金各向異性的影響。結(jié)果表明:Er含量低于0.2%時,對A卜Li合金的鑄態(tài)晶粒尺寸幾乎沒有影響,當Er含量達0.2%及以上時,晶粒細化效果非常顯著。不同量Er可不同程度地提高實驗合金在時效狀態(tài)下的的硬度與強度。當Er含量為0.2%時,Er能較大幅度地提高合金強度(5~40%)而塑性略
2、有降低;繼續(xù)提高Er含量,強度無明顯提高但塑性下降較為明顯。Er對合金的強化機制主要有三種,即第二相析出強化、細晶強化和亞結(jié)構(gòu)強化,其中前者的強化效應(yīng)較大,后兩者的強化效應(yīng)相對較小。Er元素還可以降低A卜Li合金屈服強度的各向異性,這主要是因為添加Er元素生成的次生的A13Er相對位錯起到強烈的釘扎作用,影響了位錯的運動,阻止嚴重的共面滑移,從而提高了合金的均勻變形能力,降低了合金的各向異性??傊?420合金添加稀土元素Er后會生成A1。Er相,這種相對合金凝固形核、位錯運動、導(dǎo)致合金各向異性的共面滑移都將產(chǎn)生一定的作用。研究結(jié)果表明,Er是Al—Li合金的有效微
3、量元素,添加名義成分為0.2%的Er,可使實驗合金具有較好的綜合性能。關(guān)鍵詞1420鋁鋰合金;稀土元素Ef;力學性能;微觀組織;各向異性ABSTRACTAl—LialloyscontainingdifferentpercentofErwerepreparedwithcastMetallurgyprocessinginthispaper,BymeansofmanyexperimentaltechniquessuchasTEM,SEM,XRD,EDS,andSOon,effectsofEronmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesof
4、1420A1一Lialloysunderdifferentstates(as—cast,aged)wereinvestigated.TheexistingformsandinteractionswithalloyingelementsofErinAl—Lialloys.thestrengtheningofAI—Li一0.2Eralloywereprofoundlystudied.Moreover,theeffectsofEronanisotropyofAl—Lialloyswerepreparatorydiscussed.Theresultsareasfollows
5、:ThereareseldomeffectsofEronthesizeofgrainwhenEradditionsarelessthanO,2wt%,butthegrainwillberefinedsignificantlywhenEradditionsare0.2wt%ormore.TheadditionofdifferentcontentErwasfoundtoimprovethemechanicalproperties(strengthandhardness)ofexperimentalalloystodifferentextent.Ⅵ,rbenEraddit
6、ionswere0.2wt%,thestrengthwasconsiderablyimproved(5~40%)whiletheductilitykeepsstableordecreasesslightly.WiththeincreaseofEradditions,thestrengthkeepsstablebuttheductilitydecreasesmarkedly.Therearethreestrengtheningmechanismsinexperimentalalloys:precipitationstrengthening,finegrainstren
7、gthening,substructurestrengthening.Ofallthreestrengtheningmechanisms,theformerplaysmoreimportantrolethanthelattertwo.Inthemeanwhile,TheeffectsofEronanisotropyofA1一Lialloyswerealsopreparatorydiscussedinthispaper.TheexperimentalresultsindicatedthataddingacertainamountofEradditionintoal