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1、BlockchainandHealthIT:Algorithms,Privacy,andDataWHITEPAPERAugust8,2016Preparedfor:OfficeoftheNationalCoordinatorforHealthInformationTechnologyU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesPreparedby:AllisonAckermanShrier,AnneChang,NadiaDiakun-thibault,LucaForni,FernandoLa
2、nda,JerryMayo,RaulvanRiezenTMProjectPharmOrchardofMIT'sExperimentalLearning"MITFintech:FutureCommerce"&ThomasHardjonoMITConnectionScienceCorrespondence:AllisonAckermanShrieraackerman26@gmail.com617-971-6915SummaryThePresident’sPrecisionMedicineInitiative(PMI)is“en
3、ablinganeweraofclinicalcarethroughresearch,technology,andpoliciesthatempowerpatients,researchers,and1providerstoworktogethertowardthedevelopmentofindividualizedcare”.Itscommitmenttoprivacyandsecurityinthesettingofresponsibledatasharingand1transparencyisarticulated
4、inthe“PrivacyandTrustPrinciples”andthe“DataSecurity2PolicyPrinciplesandFramework”,developedbyaninteragencyworkinggroupsincludingtheOfficeoftheNationalCoordinatorforHealthInformationTechnologyinconjunctionwithmultiplestakeholders.Inthispaper,wereviewthethreatstothe
5、security,confidentiality,integrity,andavailabilityofPMIdata.PMIorganizationscanmitigatethesechallengesthroughanewsystem3architectureindevelopmentatMIT--theOPAL/Enigmaproject--whichcreatesapeer-to-peernetworkthatenablespartiestojointlystoreandanalyzedatawithcomplet
6、eprivacy,basedonhighlyoptimizedversionofmulti-partycomputationwithasecret-sharing.Anauditable,tamper-proofdistributedledger(apermissionedblockchain)recordsandcontrolsaccessthroughsmartcontractsanddigitalidentities.WeconcludewithaninitialusecaseofOPAL/Enigmathatcou
7、ldempowerprecisionmedicineclinicaltrialsandresearch.MIT’sOPAL/Enigmachallengestraditionaldatasecurityparadigms.Centralizeddatabasescannotassuresecurityanddataintegrity,regardlessde-identificationandcontrolledaccessrequirements.Safe,vettedqueriesthataredistributedt
8、oprivate,encrypteddatabasesassurethatorganizationsandparticipantscansharehealthcaredatawithcryptographicguaranteesofprivacywithvariousstakeholders,assur
