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1、Encyclop?diaBritannica,Inc.,isaleaderinreferenceandeduca-tionpublishingwhoseproductscanbefoundinmanymedia,fromtheInternettomobilephonestobooks.Apioneerinelectronicpublishingsincetheearly1980s,BritannicalaunchedthefirstencyclopediaontheInternetin1994.Italsocontinuestopublishand
2、reviseitsfamedprintset,firstreleasedinEdinburgh,Scotland,in1768.Encyclop?diaBritannica'scontributorsin-cludemanyofthegreatestwritersandscholarsintheworld,andmorethan110NobelPrizewinnershavewrittenforBritannica.AprofessionaleditorialstaffensuresthatBritannica'scontentisclear,cu
3、rrent,andcorrect.Thisbookisprincipallybasedoncontentfromtheencyclopediaanditscontributors.IntroducerRobertMcCredieMay,LordMayofOxford,OMACKtFRS,holdsaProfessorshipjointlyatOxfordUniversityandImperialCollege,LondonandisaFellowofMertonCollege,Oxford.HewasuntilrecentlyPresidentof
4、TheRoyalSociety(2000±05),andbeforethatChiefScientificAdvisertotheUKGovernmentandHeadoftheUKOfficeofScienceandTechnology(1995±2000).HewasawardedaKnighthoodin1996,andappointedaCom-panionoftheOrderofAustraliain1998,bothfor``ServicestoScience''.In2001hewasoneofthefirst15LifePeersc
5、reatedbytheHouseofLordsAppointmentsCommission.In2002,theQueenappointedhimtotheOrderofMerit(thefifthAustralianinits100-yearhistory).In2007hereceivedTheRoyalSociety'sCopleyMedal,itsoldest(1731)andmostprestigiousaward,givenannuallyfor``outstandingachievementsinresearchinanybranch
6、ofscience''.THEGUIDETOCLIMATECHANGEAnunbiasedguidetothekeyissueofourageIntroductionbyRobertM.MayEncyclop?diaBritannica,Inc.www.britannica.comFirstprinteditionpublishedintheUKbyRobinson,animprintofConstable&RobinsonLtd,2008Text?2008Encyclop?diaBritannica,Inc.Introduction?2008Ro
7、bertM.MayTherightofEncyclop?diaBritannica,Inc.andRobertM.MaytobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthisworkhasbeenassertedbytheminaccordancewiththeCopyright,Designs&PatentsAct,1988.Britannica,Encyclop?diaBritannica,andtheThistlelogoareregisteredtrademarksofEncyclop?diaBritannica,Inc.This
8、eBookeditionpublishedbyEncyclop?diaBritannica,Inc.ISBN978-1-5