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1、英文材料LatheandTurningTheLatheandItsConstructionAlatheisamachinetoolusedprimarilyforproducingsurfacesofrevolutionflatedges.Basedontheirpurpose,construction,numberoftoolsthatcansimultaneouslybemounted,anddegreeofautomation,lathesor,moreaccurately,lathe-typemachinetoolscanbeclassifiedasfollows:(1)Engin
2、elathes(2)Toolroomlathes(3)Turretlathes(4)Verticalturningandboringmills(5)Automaticlathes(6)Special-purposelathesInspiteofthatdiversityoflathe-typemachinetools,theyallhaveallhavecommonfeatureswithrespecttoconstructionandprincipleofoperation.Thesefeaturescanbestbeillustratedbyconsideringthecommonly
3、usedrepresentativetype,theenginelathe.Followingisadescriptionofeachofthemainelementsofanenginelathe,whichisshowninFig.11.1.Lathebed.Thelathebedisthemainframe,involvingahorizontalbeamontwoverticalsupporis.Itisusuallymadeofgreyornodularcastirontodampvibrationsandismadebycasting.Ithasguidewaystoallow
4、thecarriagetoslideeasilylengthwise.Theheightofthelathebedshouldbeappropriatetoenablethetechniciantodohisorherjibeasilyandcomfortably.Headstock.Theheadstockisfixedatthelefthandsideofthelathebedandincludesthespindlewhoseaxisisparalleltotheguideways(thesildesurfaceofthebed).Thespindleisdriventhrought
5、hegearbox,whichishousedwithintheheadstock.Thefunctionofthegearboxistoprovideanumberofdifferentspindlespeeds(usually6upto18speeds).Somemodernlatheshaveheadstockswithinfinitelyvariablespindlespeeds,whichemployfrictional,electrical,orhydraulicdrives.Thespindleisalwayshollow,I.e,ithasathroughholeexten
6、dinglengthwise.Barstockscanbefedthrougththatholeifcontinousproductionisadopted.Also,thatholehasataperedsurfacetoallowmountingaplainlathecenter.Theoutersurfaceofthespindleis19threadedtoallowmountingofachuck,afaceplate,orthelike.Tallstock.Thetailstockassemblyconsistsbasicallyofthreeparts,itslowerbas
7、e,anintermediatepart,andthequill.Thelowerbaseisacastingthatcanslideonthelathebedalongtheguidewayes,andithasaclampingdevicetoenablelockingtheentiretailstockatanydesiredlocation,dependinguponthelengthoftheworkpiece
