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1、專插本必備語法一、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)??????時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)需要掌握的要點(diǎn):1.表達(dá)將來時(shí)的形式:?(1)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步從句中,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí),但要注意區(qū)別從句的類型,如:I’lltellhimwhenyouwillringagain.我告訴他你什么時(shí)候再來電話。(賓語從句)比較:I’lltellhimwhenyouringagain.你再打電話時(shí)我告訴他。(狀語從句)(2)在makesure,makecertain,see(toit)后的that從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí),如:Seetoitthatyouincludeinth
2、epaperwhateverquestionstheydidn’tknowtheanswertolasttime.(include不能用willinclude或其他形式)2.完成時(shí)是時(shí)態(tài)測試的重點(diǎn),注意與完成時(shí)連用的句型和時(shí)間狀語:?(1)by/between/upto/till+過去時(shí)間、since、bythetime/when+表示過去發(fā)生情況的從句,主句用過去完成時(shí)。如:Wehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenanoldmancametothedoor.Between1897and1919atleast29motion
3、picturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayedhadbeenproduced.(表示1919年時(shí)已發(fā)生的情況)?(2)by+將來時(shí)間、bythetime/when+謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句,主句用將來完成時(shí)。如:BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,wewillhavestayedinEuropefortwoweeks.Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.(3)bynow、since+過去
4、時(shí)間、in/during/for/over/thepast/lastfew(或具體數(shù)字)years/days/months,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但在itis+具體時(shí)間since/before這一句型中,主句更多的時(shí)候不用完成時(shí)。如:Thechangesthathadtakenplaceinairtravelduringthelastsixtyyearswouldhaveseemedcompletelyimpossibletoeventhemostbrilliantscientistsattheturnofthe19thcentury.Itis
5、fouryearssinceJohnleftschool.(4)在Itisthe+序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)+that的定語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:??????Itisn’tthefirsttimethatIhavefoundmyselfinanembarrassingsituation.(5)在nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…句型中,主句常用過去完成時(shí)。?3.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指動(dòng)作在完成時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上還要繼續(xù)下去。如:??????Thecompanyhasbeenpromisingariseinsala
6、ryforages,butnothinghashappened.?時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)答題思路:(1)先根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的區(qū)別點(diǎn)確定考題要點(diǎn)為時(shí)態(tài),然后回到題句中尋找給出的或暗示的時(shí)間狀語,縮小選擇范圍,進(jìn)而選出正確答案;(2)根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞與句子主語或非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系,確定句子是主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。?二、不定式?1.不定式做主語(1)引導(dǎo)邏輯主語的介詞:不定式的邏輯主語一般由介詞for引導(dǎo),但下列表示人的性格行為特征的形容詞做表語時(shí),不定式的邏輯主語則由of引導(dǎo):absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,care
7、less,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind,thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,lazy,wicked,wrong。如:Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersontostayhealthy.It’scleverofyoutohaveinventedsuchadevice.(2)不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語:掌握常用不定式做
8、主語補(bǔ)足語的句型。注意不定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并采用相應(yīng)形式。如:besaid/reported/thought/believed/known/supposed+todost