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1、學(xué)位論文獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重聲明：l、堅持以。求實(shí)、創(chuàng)新一的科學(xué)精神從事研究工作。2、本論文是我個人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作和取得的研究成果。3、本論文中除引文外，所有實(shí)驗(yàn)、數(shù)據(jù)和有關(guān)材料均是真實(shí)的。4、本論文中除引文和致謝的內(nèi)容外，不包含其他人或其它機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果。5、其他同志對本研究所做的貢獻(xiàn)均已在論文中作了聲明并表示了謝意。作者簽名：拯。。日期：墊逛：f!學(xué)位論文使用授權(quán)聲明本人完全了解南京師范大學(xué)有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，學(xué)校有權(quán)保留學(xué)位論文并向國家主管部門或其指定機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的電子版和紙質(zhì)版；有
2、權(quán)將學(xué)位論文用于非贏利目的的少量復(fù)制并允許論文進(jìn)入學(xué)校圖書館被查閱；有權(quán)將學(xué)位論文的內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索；有權(quán)將學(xué)位論文的標(biāo)題和摘要匯編出版。保密的學(xué)位論文在解密后適用本規(guī)定。作者簽名：拯日期：箜丕璺也AcknowledgementsMysinceregratitudeshouldgofirstandforemosttomysupervisor,ProfessorLiuHuijunsufferingfromtheearlierdraftsofthisthesis．Withoutherpatience，generousg
3、uidance，enlighteningsuggestionsandelaboraterevision,1wouldn’thaveaccomplishedthisfinalthesis．Secondly,1wouldliketoexpressmythankstoalltheprofessorsofSchoolofForeignLanguagesandCultures，NanjingNormalUniversitywhohaveinstructedandeniightenedmeinmygraduatestudies．Myhe
4、artfeltthanksarealsoextendedtomycolleaguesandmystudentsfortheircooperation．Withouttheirsupport,thisexperimentwouldnothavebeenaccomplished．Finallyspecialthanksgotomyfamilymembersfortheirlove，supportandencouragement．Chapter1Introduction1．1ResearchBackground1．1．1Theim
5、portanceofEnglishlisteningNowadays，communicationplaysamoreandmorecrucialroleinsociety．Withoutsuccessfullisteningcomprehension，communicationCallnottakeplace．Rivers，anadvocateformoreattentiontOlisteningcomprehension,observed，“Speakingdoesnotitselfconstitutecommunicat
6、ionunlesswhatissaidiscomprehendedbyanotherperson．TeachingthecomprehensionofspokenspeechisthereforeofprimaryimportanceifthecommunicationaimistObereached”(．Rivers，1996：204)．Peoplelivinginthemodernsocietyhaveshiftedtheirmeansofcommunicationfromtheprintedwordstoimagesa
7、ndsounds，frombookstOtelevision，movies，radioandrecordings(Freedman,1982)．Ineverydaylife，wespend45percenttimeofcommunicationinlistening，30percentintalking,16percentinreading,and9percentinwriting(Feyten,1991)．Therefore，listeningisthemostfrequentlyusedlanguageabilityin
8、everydaylife．Itfollowsthattheimportanceoflisteningcannotbeoveremphasizedinthatitisnotonlyusedmostfrequentlyindailycommunication，butalsoplaysavita
