Microgrids [distributed power generation].pdf

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1、IEEE2001WMPanel;RoleofDistributedGenerationinReinforcingtheCriticalElectricPowerInfrastructure.Title:MicrogridsPanelist;BobLasseterIntroductionEnvironmentallyfriendlyrenewableenergytechnologiessuchasphotovoltaicsandclewefficient,fossil-fielstechnologiessuchasmicro-turbinesandfbelcellsareamongn

2、ewgeneratingsystemsdrivingthedemandfordistributedgenerationofelectricity.Ifcombinedheatandpoweratresident~industrialplantsorcommercialbuildingcanbeachievedtheefficienciescanbehigherthanconventionalcentralgenerationplants.Thesmallnessofthesenewdistributedgenerationalongwiththelowvoltagesatthein

3、terfacecreateanewclassofproblemswhichrequiresinnovativeapproachestomanagingandoperatingthedistributedresources.Onesuchconceptisthemicrogrid.EmergingGenerationTechnologiesThetrendsintechnologypointstowardsmallness,underthe500kWlevel.Anexcellentexamplearethesmallgasfiredmicro-turbinesinthe25-100

4、kWrangethatcanbemassproducedatlowcost.Theyaredesignedtocombinethereliabfityofonboardcommercialaircraflgeneratorswiththelowcostofautomotiveturbochargers.Thesesystemsarehighspeedturbines(50,000-90,000rpm)withairfoilbearings.Theyaresmallandusepowerelectronictointerfiwewiththeload.ExamplesincludeH

5、oneywell’s75-kWTurbogenerator,AllisorI/GE.50-kWgeneratorandCapstone’s30kWsystem.Fuelcellsarealsowellsuitedfordistributedgenerationapplications.Theyofferhighefficiencyandlowemissions,buttoday’scostsarehigh.Phosphoricacidcellarecommerciallyavailableinthe200kWrange,whilesolidoxideandmoltencarbona

6、tecellareinapre-commercialstageofdevelopment.InOctober1997theU.S.DepartofEnergyandArthurD.Littleunveiledthe“first-everon-boardgasolinepoweredfielcellfortheautomobile”.Thepossibilityofusinggasolineasafbelforcellshasresultedinamajordevelopmenteffortbytheautomotivecompanies.Thisworkisfocusedtowar

7、dsthepolymerelectrolytemembrane(J?EM)fiielcells.In1997BallardGenerationSystemsformedastrategicallianceswithDaimler-ChryslerandFordtodevelopthenextgenerationofefficientandcleanenginesfortheworld’svehiclesusingtheBallard’sPEMfhelcell.Thes