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1、碩士學(xué)位論文摘要重金屬離子是土壤和水中的主要污染物質(zhì),近年來(lái)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染日益嚴(yán)重。天然礦物及其改性產(chǎn)物在環(huán)保領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用,為礦產(chǎn)資源的開(kāi)發(fā)與利用和環(huán)境的綠色治理提供了一條新路。我國(guó)一水硬鋁石型鋁土礦資源豐富,分布集中。本文根據(jù)晶體化學(xué)、溶液化學(xué)理論,采用原子吸收光譜、x射線衍射、紅外光譜、綜合熱分析、原子力顯微鏡、掃描電子顯微鏡、Zeta電位測(cè)定和BET比表面積測(cè)定等近現(xiàn)代測(cè)試方法,對(duì)一水硬鋁石的焙燒相變、行星球磨過(guò)程以及對(duì)重金屬離子吸附性能進(jìn)行了研究。一水硬鋁石在485℃左右脫除羥基,相變?yōu)閯傆?;采用CoatsRedfer積分法算得熱分解反應(yīng)平均活化能為268.67Ⅺ/mol;
2、升溫速率越快,一水硬鋁石熱分解法應(yīng)越滯后;隨著煅燒溫度增加,一水硬鋁石對(duì)Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附能力先增大后減小,焙燒溫度為500℃時(shí)吸附量最大。經(jīng)過(guò)行星球磨后一水硬鋁比表面積增大,晶格無(wú)序化明顯,反應(yīng)活性增強(qiáng)。隨著溶液pn值的增大,一水硬鋁石對(duì)Cu2+,pb2+,Zn2+的吸附能力增強(qiáng),對(duì)C1042-吸附能力減?。灰凰蹭X石對(duì)四種金屬離子不同濃度的等溫吸附模型與langmuir等溫式有很好的相關(guān)性;溶液溫度和一水硬鋁石加入量對(duì)吸附效果有影響。在C1042-存在下,一水硬鋁石對(duì)重金屬陽(yáng)離子吸附會(huì)有促進(jìn)作用;在Cu2+,pb2+,Zn2+三種離子在礦物表面的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)吸附順序?yàn)椋篊u2
3、+>pb2+Zn2+。通過(guò)溶液化學(xué)計(jì)算,從理論上分析了四種重金屬離子和一水硬鋁石在溶液中的水解平衡;研究了不同pH值條件下四種重金屬離子的存在形式;借助晶體化學(xué)知識(shí)和原子力顯微鏡等手段對(duì)吸附機(jī)理進(jìn)行了探討。關(guān)鍵詞:一水硬鋁石,重金屬離子,吸附,溶液化學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ABSTRACTMetalionisthemainpollutantinsoilandliquid,andpollutionbyheavymetalshasreceivedwidespreadattentionintherecentyears.Naturemineralmaterialsareprovedanewway
4、forefficientlyutilizes.Diasporeisthemajoraluminamineral.Inthispaper,thestudiesrelatingtodecompositionandplanetary-grindingandit’Sadsorptivepropertyofheavymetalionswerecarriedout.Itwasbasedoncrystalchemistryandsolutionchemistrywiththehelpofatomicadsorptionspectrometer,thermogravimetry,differe
5、ntialscanningcaloritemtry,X-raydiffraction,infaredspectroscopy,atomicforcemicroscope,scaningelectronmicroscope,BETsurfaceareameasurementandZetapotentialmeasurement.ItWasfoundthatthedecompositionofdiasporeWascarriedoutat485℃anda-A120swasobtained;Thefastheatingrateleadsthedecompositionhysteres
6、is;Activationenergyofthedecompositionwas268。67kJ/molbyCoats.Redfemequation;TheadsorptionratioofCu2+andZn2+increasedwiththeincreaseofcolcinetemperature,theadsorptiongotmaximalat500。Candthenitdecreasedwiththefurtherheating.Afterplanetary-grinding,theBETsurfaceareawasinereased,crystalstructured
7、estroyedandthereactionactivityincreased;AstheincreasewithsolutionpH,theadsorptionrationofCu2+,pb2+,Zn2+increased,buttheadsorptionrationofCi042-decreased;theadsorptionisothermsofCu2+,andfr042‘couldbewelldescribedbytheLangmuirequation;Theeffectofsolu