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1、河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文幾種殺菌劑對(duì)蘋(píng)果斑點(diǎn)落葉病和輪紋病的防效姓名:段俊飛申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專(zhuān)業(yè):農(nóng)藥學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師:曹克強(qiáng);王亞南20120522摘要蘋(píng)果斑點(diǎn)落葉病和輪紋病是蘋(píng)果生產(chǎn)中的常見(jiàn)病害,當(dāng)前己成為蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的限制性因素。目前在病害的防治中主要存在選用藥劑較多、使用混亂、抗藥性等問(wèn)題。因此,對(duì)目前生產(chǎn)上的藥劑做出客觀評(píng)價(jià),為果農(nóng)推薦出首選藥劑,以及篩選新的有效藥劑,是本文的主要研究目的。1.對(duì)14種登記備案的殺菌劑進(jìn)行室內(nèi)毒力測(cè)定,選出5種抑菌效果較好的進(jìn)行田問(wèn)藥效試驗(yàn),最終確定對(duì)蘋(píng)果斑點(diǎn)落葉病有較好防效的殺菌劑。10%苯醚甲環(huán)唑WG、10%己唑醇ME、50%異菌脲WP、43%戊
2、唑醇SC對(duì)菌絲生長(zhǎng)有明顯的抑制作用,ECso分別為0.3252mg/L、0.3865mg/L、0.9537mg/L和1.8021rag/L;60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森聯(lián)WG、70%丙森鋅WP、3%多抗霉素WP對(duì)孢子萌發(fā)有較強(qiáng)的抑制作用,EC:r,o分別為o.1087mg/L、0.3300mg/L和0.3323mg/L;3%多抗霉素WP和50%異菌脲WP在保定溫仁和望都兩地田間藥效試驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)良好防效,分別為82.21%、82.86%和84.41%、78.76%。3%多抗霉素WP和50%異菌脲"WP防效顯著,可作為防治該病的首選藥劑。2.本試驗(yàn)采用菌絲生長(zhǎng)速率法和孢子萌發(fā)法測(cè)定了25%111七唑醚
3、菌酯EC對(duì)蘋(píng)果斑點(diǎn)落葉菌和蘋(píng)果輪紋病菌的毒力,并進(jìn)行了田間藥效試驗(yàn)。室內(nèi)測(cè)定結(jié)果表明:毗唑醚菌酯對(duì)蘋(píng)果斑點(diǎn)落葉病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)和孢子萌發(fā)的EC50分別為0.1763mg/L和0.2755mg/L。對(duì)蘋(píng)果輪紋病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)和孢子萌發(fā)的EC50分別為0.0333mg/L和0.6029rag/L;100--,167mg/L(1500,-,2500倍液),25%n1=l:唑醚菌酯EC對(duì)蘋(píng)果斑點(diǎn)落葉病的防效為96.72%98.69%,對(duì)蘋(píng)果輪紋病的防效為93.17‰98.80%,且該藥劑在本試驗(yàn)劑量范圍內(nèi)對(duì)蘋(píng)果樹(shù)安全。關(guān)鍵詞:殺菌劑;吡唑醚菌酯;蘋(píng)果斑點(diǎn)落葉病;蘋(píng)果輪紋?。灰种谱饔?;田間防效Efficac
4、yofSeveralFungicidesinControllingAppleLeafSpotandAppleRillgRotAuthor:DuallJun.feiSpecialty:PesticideScienceAdviser:CaoKe-qiangWangYa-nanAbstractTheleafspotandringrotonapplearethemaindiseasesdamagingappletreesandhavebecometherestrictivefactorofappleindustrydevelopment.Severalproblemsexistandremainu
5、nsolved,suchastoomanyregisteredfungicides,theconfusioninproductionapplicationandtheproblemofresistancedevelopment.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoevaluatethecontrolefficacyoffungicidesregistedandprovideusefulinformationtofruitgrowersandselectoutneweffectivefimgicides.1.Theinhibitoryactivityof14fungicides
6、againstA.a(chǎn)lternata£sp.malicausingappleleafspotWasdeterminedbyfungitoxicitytestinvitro.Thefungicides,whichhadbettereffects,werefurthertricdinfields.Fourfungicides,including10%difenoconazoleWG10%hexaconazoleME,50%iprodioneWPand43%tebuconazoleSC,hadsignificantinhibitoryeffectonmycelialgrowth.WithECso
7、fourfungicideswere0.3252mg/L,0.3865mg/L,0.9537mg/Land1.8021m∥L,respectively.60%pyraclostrobin-metiramWQ70%propinebWPand3%polyoxinWPhadstronginhibitoryeffectonsporegermination,witllEC50of0.1087mg/L,0.3300mg/Land0.