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1、河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文沼液配方肥對(duì)油菜生長(zhǎng)、品質(zhì)及土壤質(zhì)量的影響姓名:韓曉莉申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專(zhuān)業(yè):土壤學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師:李博文20120527摘要鑒于蔬菜質(zhì)量的高要求及沼肥的環(huán)境友好特點(diǎn),試驗(yàn)以油菜為研究對(duì)象,采用溫室小型盆栽研究,在等施氮量條件下,沼液配方肥和無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)混肥的肥效特點(diǎn)及其對(duì)油菜生長(zhǎng)、品質(zhì)及土壤質(zhì)量的影響。旨在為沼肥的安全應(yīng)用提供一定的理論及實(shí)踐依據(jù),并為低硝酸鹽、高營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)的蔬菜生產(chǎn)篩選優(yōu)質(zhì)肥料和優(yōu)化施肥組合提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。試驗(yàn)主要得到以下結(jié)論:(1)隨追施沼液配方肥量的增加,油菜的干重和鮮重呈先升高后降低的規(guī)律,拐點(diǎn)為6.0ml/kg(A3)時(shí)。(2)在等施氮量條件下,施用沼液配方
2、肥對(duì)油菜的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育要明顯優(yōu)于無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)混肥。與無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)混肥相比,在油菜干物重上,施用沼液配方肥可使油菜增加5.82%10.67%;在油菜鮮重上,施用沼液配方肥可使油菜增加3.61%"---'10.81%;在油菜根干重上,可使根干重增加2.57%~22.90%;在根冠比上,其比值最高可達(dá)0.104,保障了其根系的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育狀況,從而確保了植物生長(zhǎng)良好。(3)沼液配方肥可提高油菜的品質(zhì),降低有害物質(zhì)殘留。在等施氮量條件下,與無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)混肥相比,可使硝酸鹽含量降低38.85%"--'52.97%,Vc含量高達(dá)41.88mg/kg,還原糖含量增加6.81%"---21.32%。(4)沼液配方肥對(duì)油菜生長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)土壤理
3、化性質(zhì)的影響:沼液配方肥對(duì)堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀都有提高,各養(yǎng)分含量都以沼液配方肥施氮量為1.92g/l【g時(shí),含量最高,與無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)混肥相比,分別提高了6.72%、9.30%和19.63%,有利于調(diào)節(jié)土壤pH值、EC值,降低土壤硝態(tài)氮的殘留量,由此表明,沼液配方肥對(duì)土壤有較好的改良效果。(5)沼液配方肥可以提高油菜對(duì)養(yǎng)分含量的吸收,與無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)混肥相比,沼液配方肥可使油菜對(duì)全N、全P、全K的吸收量分別提高29.68%、8.97%和15.06%,進(jìn)而提高氮素的利用率至59.90%。關(guān)鍵詞:油菜;沼液配方肥;無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)混肥;產(chǎn)量;品質(zhì);硝態(tài)氮;氮肥利用率EffectsofApplyingBiogasSlur
4、ry·BasedFertilizerontheGrowthandQualityofPakchoiandSoilQualitiesAuthor:HanXiao.1iMajor:SoilScienceTutor:Prof.LiBo-wenAbstractBecauseoftheadventagesofbiogasandthedemandoftheexcellentvegetableinChinarecently.Apotexperimentwascarriedouttostudyttheeffectsofapplyingbiogasslurry‘basedandinorganiccompoundf
5、ertilizersonthegrowth,qualityandsoilqualities,pakchoiasexperimentalplant.whichisaimedatprovidingthebasisofthetheoriesandpracticesforthesafetyapplicationsandprovidingthesciencebasisofchoosetheexcellentsoilfertilityandoptimizingthecombinationoffertilizerforproducinginnocuousofthelownitrateandhighnouri
6、shmentquality.Themainconclusionsarethefollowing:(1)Withtheincreasinginbiogasslurry-basedfertilizer,pakchoiindryweightandfreshweightwereshowedatrendfromascenttodescent,thatreachedsignificantlevel.Theinflectionpointis15ml/pot(A3).(2)Inthesamenitrogencondition,thebiogasslurry-basedfertilizerhasbetterim
7、pactsonthebiomassandnitrateofpakchoithantheinorganiccompoundfertilizers.Pakchoiindryweight,comparedwithinorganiccompoundfertilizer,thebiogasslurry-basedfertilizerapplicationofbiogasslurrycanbeincrease