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1、ComputGeosci(2013)17:647–659DOI10.1007/s10596-013-9346-2ORIGINALPAPERFiniteelementmodelingofhydraulicfracturingin3DMagnusWangenReceived:23April2012/Accepted:28February2013/Publishedonline:22March2013?SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht2013AbstractAprocedurebasedonthefiniteelementKeyword
2、sHydraulicfracturing·3D·methodissuggestedformodelingof3DhydraulicFiniteelementsformulationfracturinginthesubsurface.Theproposedformulationpartitionsthestressfieldintotheinitialstressstateandanadditionalstressstatecausedbypressurebuildup.1IntroductionTheadditionalstressisobtainedasasolution
3、oftheBiotequationsforcoupledfluidflowanddeformationsHydraulicfracturingisthecoupleddynamicsoffrac-intherock.Thefluidflowinthefractureisrepresentedtureandfluidflow,wheretherockfracturesbecauseofonaregularfiniteelementgridbymeansof“fracture”anincreasingporefluidpressure[17].Itisaprocessthatp
4、orosity,whichisthevolumefractionofthefracture.iscommonlyusedbythepetroleumindustrytoenhanceTheuseofthefractureporosityallowsforauniformtheflowpropertiesofthenear-wellregion[13].Thefiniteelementformulationforthefractureandtherock,injectionfluidoftencontainsproppantsthatpropsupbothwithrespec
5、ttofluidpressureanddisplacement.Itthefracturesaftertheinjectionhasstopped.Hydraulicisdemonstratedhowthefractureapertureisobtainedfracturingisnecessaryintheproductionofthegasfromthedisplacementfield.Themodelhasafracturefromlow-permeabilityshales[6].Anotherexampleiscriterionbymeansofastrainl
6、imitineachelement.theuseofhydraulicfracturingtocreateconductivityItisshownhowthiscriterionscaleswiththeelementbetweeninjectionandproductionwellsingeothermalsize.Fracturingbecomesanintermittentprocess,andsystems[10,27].Hydraulicfracturingcanalsohaveun-eacheventisfollowedbyapressuredrop.Apro
7、cedurewantedeffects,likeforinstance,leakageofnaturalgasissuggestedforthecomputationofthepressuredrop.intothegroundwaterfromshalegasoperations[20].Twoexamplesofhydraulicfracturingaregiven,whenAnotherexampleissafestorageoflargequantitiesofthepressurebuildupisfro
