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1、LectureNotes:LinguisticsEdwardStabler,Winter2011Anintroductiontothemethodsandsomebasicideasoftheoreticallinguistics.Contents1Thenatureofhumanlanguages11.1Productivity,andZipf’slaw.................................21.2Compositionality.......................
2、................31.3Anotherfundamental:“creativity”.............................41.4Onemorefundamental:“?exibility”............................41.5Areallhumanlanguagesspoken?..............................51.6Summary........................................
3、...51.7Howtoa
ethis
lass.................................61.8Questions:..........................................62Phonetics72.1Speechsounds.........................................82.2Articulationandtranscription................................102.3Expla
4、iningthesoundsofhumanlanguages.........................162.4Lookingahead:articulatoryprocesses...........................172.5Summary...........................................183Phonologyintroduced193.1Aspiratedvoicelessstops.............................
5、......193.2Vowelshortening.......................................213.3Flapping............................................223.4Nasalization..........................................243.5Thenewpicture,andremainingquestions.........................244Phonem
6、esandrulesofvariation254.1Minimalpairs.........................................264.2Phonologicalrules......................................274.3Orderingtherules......................................294.4Phonologyandmorphology..............................
7、...314.5Phonologiesvary.......................................314.6Summary...........................................32iStabler-Linguistics20,Winter20115Phonotactics,syllables,stress335.1Features............................................345.2Syllables..
8、..........................................345.3Syllables1:featureagreement................................375.4Syllables2:theSonorityPrinciple.............................385.5Stress(brie?y!)........................
