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1、FintracInc.May1999MarketandTechnicalSurvey:SheaNutsIntroductionSheanutsareprimarilygrowninWestandCentralAfricainthesemi-aridSahel,referredtobytradersastheSheaBelt.VitellariaparadoxaandVitellarianiloticaarethetwomainvarieties.Vitellariaparadoxaisexportedinthelargestvolumeandgrowsthroughoutthe
2、WestAfricanregion.VitellarianiloticaisproducedprimarilyinnorthernUgandaandsouthernSudan.Sheanutproducts,thesolidfat(butterorstearin)andtheliquidoil(olein),areidealforuseasrawmaterialsincookingoil,margarine,cosmetics,soap,detergentsandcandles,butithasfounditsprimarymarketnicheasasubstitutefor
3、cocoabutterinthechocolateandconfectioneryindustry.ProductionMethodSheanuttreesgrowwidelyandnaturallyinWestAfrica.Theyonlybegintobearfruitafterabout20yearsanddonotreachmaturityfor45years.Theymaycontinuetoproducenutsforupto200yearsafterreachingmaturity.Thelongperiodtakentoreachmaturityhasdisco
4、uragedplantationplanting,althoughtheyareusedasshadetreesforothercropsincertaindryareas.AlsothefactthatsupplyTheSheaNutTreefaroutstripsdemandhasfouled(PhotoCredit:KARITEA,France)attemptstodomesticatethetrees.Thenuts,whichareembeddedinasoftfruit,falltothegroundduringtheharvestingperiod(typical
5、lyJunethroughAugust).Theyarethenburiedinpitswhichcausesthepulptofermentanddisintegrateandproducesenoughheattopreventgermination.Thenutsaredriedforafewdaysandarelatershelledandwinnowed,usuallybyhand.ThekernelsaredriedfurtherSheaNutstoreducemoisturecontentfromabout(PhotoCredit:CREDO,Finland)40
6、percenttoabout7percent.MarketandTechnicalSurvey:SheaNuts1FintracInc.May1999Aprocesscalledfractionationseparatestheoil(olein)andbutter(stearin).ThiscanbedonelocallyandallowsfortheextractionoftheliquidoilwhichismuchmorevaluabletoWestAfricansbecauseofitsnutritionalcontentbyaprocessinvolvingtheh
7、eatingandkneadingofthecrushedkernelsandstrainingtheresultantoilymass.Manufacturersinthechocolateandotherfoodindustriesprefertobuythesheanutsasopposedtothebuttersothattheycanhaveasmuchcontrolaspossibleovertheprocessingandqualityofthefinalproduct.Nut
