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1、InfrastructurefortheQuantumInternet??SethLloyd,JeffreyH.Shapiro,PremKumar,SelimM.Shahriar,andFrancoN.C.WongandHoraceP.YuenMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyNorthwesternUniversityResearchLaboratoryofElectronicsDepartmentofElectricaland77MassachusettsAvenueComputerEngineeringCambridge,MA02139Cen
2、terforPhotonicCommunicationandComputing{slloyd@,jhs@,franco@ncw2}.mit.edu2145NorthSheridanRoadEvanston,IL60208{kumarp,shahriar,yuen}@ece.northwestern.eduABSTRACTthecomputationandcommunicationrevolutionthathaveAteamofresearchersfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofcreatedtheInformationAgeweliveintoda
3、y.ButanotherTechnology(MIT)andNorthwesternUniversity(NU)isde-revolutionmaybeintheo?ng,onethatcouldbringusintovelopingasystemforlong-distance,high-?delityqubittele-theQuantumInformationAge.portation.SuchasystemwillberequirediffuturequantumcomputersaretobelinkedtogetherintoaquantumInter-Thedigit
4、alabstraction,onwhichmoderncomputationandnet.ThispaperpresentsrecentprogressthattheMIT/NUcommunicationrests,admitstoonlytwopossiblestates:ateamhasmade,beginningwithareviewoftheteleportationclassicalon-o?systemmustbeineitherstate0orstatearchitectureanditsloss-limitedperformanceanalysis.1,repres
5、entingasinglebitofinformation.Quantumme-chanicsisquitedi?erent.Atwo-levelquantumsystem—theCategoriesandSubjectDescriptorsreaderunfamiliarwithbasicquantummechanicsshouldcon-B.4.3[Input/OutputandDataCommunications]:In-sulttheAppendixforaquickreviewofallthatisneededterconnection(Subsystems);C.2.1
6、[ComputerCommu-tounderstandthispaper—canbecharacterizedbytwoor-nicationNetworks]:NetworkArchitectureandDesign;thogonalbasisstates(vectorsinaHilbertspace)
7、0iand
8、1i.C.2.5[ComputerCommunicationNetworks]:LocalThesystemitself,however,maybeinanarbitrarysuper-andWide-AreaNetworkspositionofthesetwosta
9、tes,α
10、0i+β
11、1i,whereαandβarecomplexnumbersthatsatisfythenormalizationcondition22Keywords
12、α
13、+
14、β
15、=1.Sucharbitrarysuperpositionsrepresentasinglequantumbitofinformation,i.e.,aqubit.Quantumcommunication,teleportation,qubits,entangle-ment,quan
