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1、外交學(xué)院碩士學(xué)位論文當(dāng)代白俄羅斯、烏克蘭對(duì)俄羅斯政策:層次方法的分析姓名:陳鐵楠申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專業(yè):國(guó)際關(guān)系指導(dǎo)教師:林軍20070601中文摘要1991年,蘇聯(lián)解體,“冷戰(zhàn)”結(jié)束,烏克蘭和白俄羅斯以獨(dú)立主權(quán)國(guó)家的身錯(cuò)登上國(guó)際關(guān)系的大舞臺(tái)。1996年,經(jīng)過(guò)兩年對(duì)各自國(guó)家獨(dú)立初期對(duì)外政策的調(diào)整,烏克蘭和白俄羅斯采取了兩種截然不同的對(duì)俄政策,尤其是對(duì)俄政治外交政策:烏克蘭選擇了“回歸歐洲”,采取了“疏俄抗俄”政策,而自俄羅斯峰定地與俄一體化,奉行“親俄聯(lián)俄”方針。為什么這兩個(gè)國(guó)家的對(duì)俄政策會(huì)有如此明顯的差異?本文試圖采用國(guó)
2、際關(guān)系理論中較為常用的層次分析法對(duì)這一問(wèn)題作全面深入的分析。本文主體部分分為三章,每一章為一個(gè)分析層次。具體而言:第一章為個(gè)人層次分析,研究對(duì)象是國(guó)家政治制度和國(guó)內(nèi)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。暗示事物發(fā)展過(guò)程中內(nèi)因的決定因素;第二章為民族國(guó)家層次分析,研究對(duì)象是國(guó)家綜合實(shí)力和地緣政治地位,強(qiáng)調(diào)囤力是國(guó)家實(shí)施外交政策的基礎(chǔ)和依據(jù);第三章為國(guó)際體系層次,研究對(duì)象為大國(guó)關(guān)系,指出大國(guó)問(wèn)的互動(dòng)是影響他國(guó)對(duì)對(duì)外政策的重要外部誘因。最后,綜合三個(gè)層次的分析,可以得出這樣的結(jié)論:個(gè)人層次上的因素對(duì)本文所研究問(wèn)題的解釋力最強(qiáng),國(guó)際體系層次次之。但是,如果想對(duì)
3、某一國(guó)際問(wèn)題得出相對(duì)準(zhǔn)確的解釋,三個(gè)層次的因素都不容忽視,必須綜合加以分析。關(guān)鍵詞:白俄羅斯烏克蘭俄羅斯層次分析AbstractinthewakeofthedisintegrationoftheformerSovietUnionandtheendofthe《,oldWarin1991,UkraineandBelamsbeganplayingtheirrolesasindependentsovereignstatesintheinternationalcommunity.Aftertheinitialadjustmentso
4、ftheirforeignpolicyinthefirsttwoyearsofindependence,thetwocountries,however,tookdirectionsthatarepolesapartintheirRussianpolicies,especiallyintheirpoliticalandforeignrelationswithRussia:Ukraine,pursuingapolicyofalienationandconfrontation,choosestoreturntoEurope,wh
5、ereasBelarnsfollowsapro—Russiapolicyofallianceandresolutelyseeksintegrationwithitsvastnei【ghbor.WhythentheirRussianpoliciesdiffersomuch?Inansweringthisquestion,thispaperemploysthelevel-of-analysisapproachandpresentsacomprehensiveandin—depthanalysisonthequestion.Th
6、ispaperincludesthreechapters,eachrepresentingananalysisononelevel.Thefirstchapterisanindividual—levelanalysisonstatepoliticalsystemsandstateleaders,indicatingthedecisiveroletheinternalfactorsplayinthedevelopmentofforeignpolicy;thesecondchapter,anation—levelanalysi
7、sOntheoverallstrengthandgeopoliticalstatusofanation,emphasizesthefundamentalroleofacountry’Snationalstrengthintheimplementationofitsforeignpolicy;thethirdchapterisananalysisONpowerrelationsmadeonthelevelofinternationalsystem,whicharguesthatinteractionbetweenpowers
8、isanimportantexternalfactorthatinfluencestheforeignpoliciesofothercountries.Thispaperthenconcludesthatfactorsontheindividuallevelarethemostpowerfulinint