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1、PREFACE序THISbookischieflyaddressedtomyfelloweconomists.Ihopethatitwillbeintelligibletoothers.Butitsmainpurposeistodealwithdifficultquestionsoftheory,andonlyinthesecondplacewiththeapplicationsofthistheorytopractice,Foriforthodoxeconomicsisatfault,theerroristobefoundnotinthesuperstructure,whichhasb
2、eenerectedwithgreatcareforlogicalconsistency,butinalackofclearnessandofgeneralityinthepremisses.ThusIcannotachievemy,objectofpersuading第1頁(yè)共396頁(yè)http://www.en8848.com.cn/原版英語(yǔ)閱讀網(wǎng)economiststore-examinecriticallycertainoftheirbasicassumptionsexceptbyahighlyabstractargumentandalsobymuchcontroversy.Iwis
3、htherecouldhavebeenlessofthelatter.ButIhavethoughtitimportant,notonlytoexplainmyownpointofview,butalsotoshowinwhatrespectsitdepartsfromtheprevailingtheory.Those,whoarestronglyweddedtowhatIshallcall("theclassicaltheory.",willfluctuate,Iexpect,betweenabeliefthatIamquitewrongandabeliefthatIamsayingn
4、othingnew,Itisforotherstodetermineifeitheroftheseorthethirdalternativeisright.Mycontroversialpassagesareaimedatprovidingsomematerialforananswer;andImustaskforgivenessif,inthepursuitofsharpdistinctions,mycontroversyisitselftookeen.ImyselfheldwithconvictionformanyyearsthetheorieswhichInowattack,and
5、Iamnot,Ithink,ignorantoftheirstrongpoints.本書(shū)主要是為我的同行經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家所寫(xiě),我希望其他人也能看懂。但是,本書(shū)的主要目的是探討理論上的難題,至于該理論在實(shí)際中的應(yīng)用則居于次要地位。因?yàn)?,如果正統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)有錯(cuò)誤之處,那么其錯(cuò)誤之處不在于建立在精心構(gòu)筑的邏輯一致性基礎(chǔ)之上的上層建筑,而在于其假設(shè)前提缺乏明確性和普適性。因此,除非通過(guò)高度抽象的論證和進(jìn)行大量辯論,我無(wú)法達(dá)到我的目的,即規(guī)勸經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家批判性地重新審視他們的某些基本假設(shè)。我本希望這種論證和辯論能少些,但我認(rèn)為重要之處在于:不僅要闡釋我自己的觀點(diǎn),還要指出我的觀點(diǎn)在哪些方面有別于現(xiàn)在流行的理論。我
6、預(yù)料,那些深深沉迷于我稱之為古典理論的人將彷徨于兩種意見(jiàn),一種意見(jiàn)認(rèn)為我完全錯(cuò)了,另一種意見(jiàn)認(rèn)為我并未提出任何新見(jiàn)“”解。這兩種意見(jiàn),或許還有第三種意見(jiàn),究竟孰是孰非還要由他人予以判斷。我所寫(xiě)的辯論段落旨在為作出判斷提供一些素材。另外,如果我在辯論中的文字過(guò)于尖銳,我請(qǐng)求諒解,那不過(guò)是為了讓分歧更為明確。對(duì)于我現(xiàn)在抨擊的理論,我本人曾多年奉為圭臬,因而,我想我不至于忽視該理論的有力之處。Themattersatissueareofanimportancewhichcannotbeexaggerated.But,ifmyexplanationsareright,itismyfellowec
7、onomists,riotthegeneralpublic,whomImustfirstconvince.Atthisstageoftheargumentthegeneralpublic,thoughwelcomeatthedebate,areonlyeavesdroppersatanattemptbyaneconomisttobringtoanissuethedeepdivergencesofopinionbetweenfello