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1、GPSReceiverArchitecturesandMeasurementsMICHAELS.BRAASCH,MEMBER,IEEE,ANDA.J.VANDIERENDONCK,SENIORMEMBER,IEEEInvitedPaperAlthoughoriginallydevelopedforthemilitary,theGlobalPo-andimplementationsdifferdependingupontheapplicationsitioningSystem(GPS)hasproveninvaluablef
2、oramultitudeofbutineachcasethemostbasicmeasurementsarethesame:civilianapplications.Eachapplicationdemandsspeci?cperfor-user-to-satelliteline-of-sight(LOS)rangeandrange-rate.mancefromtheGPSreceiver,andtheassociatedrequirementsInformationdescribingthesatellitepositi
3、onandvelocityisoftenvarywidely.ThispaperdescribesthearchitecturesandfunctionsofcivilianGPSreceiversandthenfocusesonperfor-alsorequired.Thisistransmittedtotheuserintheformofmanceconsiderations.Thefundamentalreceivermeasurementsarebinarydataovertherangingsignalviaas
4、pread-spectrumdescribedandthequalityofthesemeasurementsarerelatedtothecommunicationtechnique[1],[2].aforementionedreceiverarchitectures.ThispaperhasbeenstructuredtoprovidethereaderKeywordsDCodedivisionmultiaccess,distancemeasurement,withtheconceptsnecessarytounder
5、standtheGPSreceiverglobalpositioningsystem,microwavereceivers,phaselockedarchitecture.Wediscusshowthemeasurementsareformedloops,radionavigation,satellitenavigationsystems.andhowthevariouserrorsourcesaffectthequalityofthedata.Thepaperisorganizedasfollows.SectionIIp
6、rovidesI.INTRODUCTIONanoverviewofGPSsignalprocessing.ThefundamentalsBeyonditsoriginalpurposeasamilitaryaforceen-ofspreadspectrumarereviewedbrie?yfollowedbyahancer,otheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)hasprovenconceptualdescriptionoftherangeandrange-ratemeasure-tobeagre
7、atassetinavarietyofcivilianapplications.Air-mentprocess.SectionIIIprovidesafunctionaldescriptioncraftnavigationsystemsuseGPSformoredirectrouting.oftheGPSreceiver.ThisincludesconsiderationoftheSurveyorsachievemillimeter-levelaccuracy,andthesamefront-end,downconvers
8、ion,digitization,andbasebandpro-techniquesareexploitedbygeophysiciststomonitorcrustalcessing.Thefundamentalmeasurementsaredescribedanddeformation.Automo
