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1、HeinzRaetherSurfacePlasmonsonSmoothandRoughSurfacesandonGratingsWith113FiguresSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkLondonParisTokyoPrefaceThisreviewdescribesthebasicphysicsofsurfaceplasmons(SPs)propagatingonsmoothandcorrugatedsurfaces.SPsrepresentelectromagneticsurfacewavesthathavetheirinten
2、sitymaximuminthesurfaceandexponentiallydecayingfieldsperpendiculartoit.Theycanbeproducednotonlybyelectrons,butalsobylightinanopticaldevicecalledtheattenuatedtotalreflection(ATR).AnimportantpropertyoftheSPsistheircouplingwithphotonsviacorrugatedsurfacesandviceversa,sothattheSPsbecomeinvolvedin
3、aseriesofopticalphenomena.WiththeexcitationofSPsbylight,astrongenhancementoftheelectromagneticfieldinthesurface(resonanceamplification)iscombined,whichcanberatherstrong.ThishasbeendemonstratedfirstbytheexcitationofSPsonaroughsilversurfacewhichemitslightatanintensitynearly100timesstrongerinres
4、onancethanoutofresonance.Thisfieldenhancementhasfoundmanyapplications:enhancedphotoeffectbySPs,nonlineareffectsastheproductionofsecondharmonicgeneration(SHG)inthestrongfield,surfaceenhancedRamanscattering(SERS),amplificationoflightscatteredatRayleighwaves,emissionoflightfromtunneljunctions,et
5、c.Alsoinfairlythinfilms,astrongfieldenhancementhasbeenmeasuredforthehigh-frequencymode.ThisenhancementiscorrelatedwithastrongreductionofthereflectedlightuptoacompletetransformationoftheincominglightintoSPs.Thisreflectivityminimumrepresentsaninterestingphenomenonofmetalopticsonsmoothandcorruga
6、tedsurfaces.TheSPspropagatingalongacorrugatedsurfacedecayintolightofhighintensityonanonsmoothsurface.Themeasurementofitsintensityanditsangulardistributionallowsdeterminationoftheroughnessparameter,r.m.s.height,andcorrelationlength.AlsoinnormalscatteringexperimentsonroughsurfacestheSPscanbeexc
7、itedviathecorrugation(gratingcoupling)andchangetheangulardistributionofthediffuselyscatteredlight.Recentdevelopmentsofthetheoryseemtoindicateanexplanationofthesephenomena.Recentdevelopmentshavefurthershownthattheverylargefieldenhancement(104—
