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1、Harman,Gilbert,ProfessorofPhilosophy,PrincetonUniversityReasoning,Meaning,andMindPrintISBN0198238029,1999ContentsIntroduction1PartI.Reasoning1.Rationality92.PracticalReasoning463.SimplicityasaPragmaticCriterionforDecidingwhatHypothesestoTakeSeriously754.Pragmatism
2、andReasonsforBelief93PartII.Analyticity5.TheDeathofMeaning1196.DoubtsaboutConceptualAnalysis1387.AnalyticityRegained?144PartIII.Meaning8.ThreeLevelsofMeaning1559.Language,Thought,andCommunication16610.LanguageLearning18311.MeaningandSemantics19212.(Nonsolipsistic)
3、ConceptualRoleSemantics206PartIV.Mind13.WideFunctionalism23514.TheIntrinsicQualityofExperience24415.ImmanentandTranscendentApproachestoMeaningandMind262Bibliography277IndexofNames287IndexofSubjects289endp.ixIntroductionshowchapterabstractandkeywordshidechapterabst
4、ractandkeywordsGilbertHarmanTheseessayshaveallbeenpreviouslypublished.Ihaveeditedthemsubstantially,puttingthemintoauniformformat,reducingrepetition,removingsomeerrors,andtinkeringwithwording.Ingeneral,manythemesarenegative.Thereisnoaprioriknowledgeoranalytictruth.
5、Logicisnotatheoryofreasoning.Atheoryoftruthconditionsisnotatheoryofmeaning.Apurelyobjectiveaccountofmeaningormindcannotsaywhatwordsmeanorwhatitisliketoseethingsincolour.Otherthemesarepositive.Theoreticalreasoninghasimportantpracticalaspects.Meaningdependsonhowword
6、sareusedtothinkwith,thatis,onhowconceptsfunctioninreasoning,perception,andaction.Therelevantusesorfunctionsrelateconceptstoaspectsoftheenvironmentandotherthingsintheworld.Translationplaysacentralroleinanyadequateaccountofmindormeaning.Althoughtheessaysarehighlyint
7、errelated,Ihavesomewhatarbitrarilydividedthemintofourgroups,on(1)reasoningandrationality,(2)analyticity,(3)meaning,and(4)mind.Herearebriefsummariesoftheessays.Thefirstfourareconcernedwithbasicprinciplesofreasoningandrationality.InEssay1,'Rationality',Isharplydisti
8、nguishlogicfromthetheoryofreasoning,rejectspecialfoundationalisminfavourofgeneralepistemologicalconservatism,anddiscusstheroleinreasoningofcoherenceands
