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1、本科畢業(yè)論文外文外文題目:TheU.S.proposedcarbontariffs,WTOscrutinyandChina’sresponses出處:IntEconPolicy(2010)7作者:ZhongXiangZhang原文:TheU.S.proposedcarbontariffs,WTOscrutinyandChina’sresponsesZhongXiangZhangAbstractWithgovernmentsfromaroundtheworldtryingtohammeroutapost-201
2、2climatechangeagreement,noonewoulddisagreethataU.S.commitmenttocutgreenhousegasemissionsisessentialtosuchaglobalpact.However,despiteU.S.presidentObama’sannouncementtopushforacommitmenttocutU.S.greenhousegasemissionsby17%by2020,inrealityitisquestionablewheth
3、erU.S.Congresswillagreetospecificemissionscuts,althoughtheyarenotambitiousatallfromtheperspectivesofboththeEUanddevelopingcountries,withouttheimpositionofcarbontariffsonChineseproductstotheU.S.market,evengivenChina’sownannouncementtovoluntarilyseektoreducei
4、tscarbonintensityby40–45%overthesameperiod.Thisdilemmaispartlyattributedtoflawsincurrentinternationalclimatenegotiations,whichhavebeenfocusedoncommitmentsonthetwotargeteddatesof2020and2050.However,iftheinternationalclimatechangenegotiationscontinueontheircu
5、rrentcoursewithoutextendingthecommitmentperiodto2030,whichwouldreallyopenthepossibilityfortheU.S.andChinatomakethecommitmentsthateachwantsfromtheother,theinclusionofbordercarbonadjustmentmeasuresseemsessentialtosecurepassageofanyU.S.legislationcappingitsown
6、greenhousegasemissions.Moreover,thejointWTO-UNEPreportindicatesthatbordercarbonadjustmentmeasuresmightbeallowedundertheexistingWTOrules,dependingontheirspecificdesignfeaturesandthe9specificconditionsforimplementingthem.Againstthisbackground,thispaperarguest
7、hat,ontheU.S.side,thereisaneedtominimizethepotentialconflictswithWTOprovisionsindesigningsuchbordercarbonadjustmentmeasures.TheU.S.alsoneedstoexplore,withitstradingpartners,cooperativesectoralapproachestoadvancinglow-carbontechnologiesand/orconcertedmitigat
8、ioneffortsinagivensectorattheinternationallevel.Moreover,toincreasetheprospectsforasuccessfulWTOdefenceoftheWaxman-Markeytypeofborderadjustmentprovision,thereshouldbe:1)aperiodofgoodfaitheffortstoreach