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1、AcriticallookattheCommunicativeApproach(1)MichaelSwanThis(thefirstoftwoarticles)examinessomeofthemoretheoreticalideasunderlyingtheCommunicativeApproach.Theseincludethebeliefthatweshouldteachuseaswellasmeaning;andsomeattitudesregardingtheteachingofskillsandstrategies.Asecondarticle
2、willdealwithmorepedagogicalaspectsoftheapproach,especiallytheideaofasemanticsyllabusandthequestionofauthenticityinmaterialsandmethodology.Inbotharticles,itisarguedthatthereisseriousconfusioninthecom-municativeviewofthesematters.Inparticular,theCommunicativeApproachfailstotakeaccou
3、ntoftheknowledgeandskillswhichlanguagestudentsbringwiththemfromtheirmothertongueandtheirexperienceoftheworld.IntroductionThereisnothingsocreativeasagooddogma.Duringthelastfewyears,undertheinfluenceoftheCommunicativeApproach,languageteachingseemstohavemadegreatprogress.Syllabusdesi
4、gnhasbecomeagooddealmoresophisticated,andweareabletogiveourstudentsabetterandmorecompletepicturethanbeforeofhowlanguageisused.Inmethodology,thechangehasbeendramatic.Theboringandmechanicalexercisetypeswhichweresocommontenorfifteenyearsagohavevirtuallydisappeared,tobereplacedbyasple
5、ndidvarietyofexcitingandengagingpracticeactivities.Allthisisverypositive,anditisnotdifficulttobelievethatsuchprogressincoursedesignhasresultedinarealimprovementinthespeedandqualityoflanguagelearning.Andyet...Adogmaremainsadogma,andinthisrespectthecommunicativerevolutionislittledif
6、ferentfromitspredecessorsinthelanguageteachingfield.IfonereadsthroughthestandardbooksandarticlesonthecommunicativeteachingofEnglish,onefindsassertionsaboutlanguageuseandlanguagelearningfallinglikeleavesinautumn;facts,ontheotherhand,tendtoberemarkablythinontheground.Alongwithitsman
7、yvirtues,theCommunicativeApproachunfortunatelyhasmostofthetypicalvicesofanintellectualrevolution:itover-generalizesvalidbutlimitedinsightsuntiltheybecomevirtuallymeaningless;itmakesexaggeratedclaimsforthepowerandnoveltyofitsdoctrines;itmisrepre-sentsthecurrentsofthoughtithasreplac
8、ed;itisoftencharacterizedbyseriou
