[]_German_lll._Germanic_Language_of_128_million(BookFi.org) .pdf

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1、74.ColloquialExpressionsandIdiomsIninformalspeechandwriting,esiscommonlycontractedwiththeprecedingwordby's.Gehtes=geht'sEsisalsousedasanimpersonalpronoun(esregnet,it'sraining),butitcanalsobeusedasanintroductorywordforemphasisorstylisticreasons.Esbeginsthesentenc

2、e,andthetruesubjectfollowstheverb.EsistniemandzuHause.Nooneisathome.EskommenheutedreiKinder.Threechildrenarecomingtoday.Escanalsobeusedtoanticipateadependentclauseorinfinitivephrase.ThisisalmostlikeinEnglishwhenwesayIhateitwhenthathappensinsteadofIhatewhenthatha

3、ppens."It"hasnorealmeaninginthefirstsentence,butitisnotincorrecttosayit.Ichkannesnichtglauben,da?ersichvornichtsfürchtet.Ican'tbelievethathe'snotafraidofanything.Erha?tes,nichtsdavonzuwissen.Hehatesnotknowinganythingaboutit.Otheridioms:SieistmitihremUrteilimmers

4、ehrschnellbeiderHand.Shemakesherjudgmentsratherquickly.(Literally:Sheisquickathandwithherjudgments.)AllesistinButter.Everythingisfine.(Literally:Everythingisinbutter.)ErgehtmitdemkopfdurchdieWand.Hedoesashepleases.(Literally:Hegoeswithhisheadthroughthewall.)75.W

5、ordFormationNouncompoundsGermanusescompoundsmoreoftenthanEnglishandtheyareformedbysimplyputtingthetwowordstogether(sometimesaddingan-nor-sinbetween),andusingthegenderofthelastword.DieWoche(week)+derTag(day)=derWochentag(Daysoftheweek)Theprefixun-AsinEnglish,thep

6、refixun-givesawordanegativeoroppositemeaning.klar(clear)-unklar(unclear)Thesuffix-losThissuffixisoftentheequivalentoftheEnglishsuffix-less,andisusedtoformadjectivesandadverbsfromnouns.dasEnde(theend)-endlos(endless)Thesuffix-haftThesuffix-haftisusedtoformadjecti

7、vesfromnounssoastodesignaterelatedqualities.dasKind(thechild)-kindhaft(childlike)Thesuffix-ungThissuffixmaybeaddedtothestemofaverbtoformanoun.Allnounsendingin-ungarefeminine.wandern(tohike)-dieWanderung(thehike)Thesuffix-erThissuffixdesignatesapersonisfromacerta

8、inplace.Frankfurt(acity)-Frankfurter(apersonfromFrankfurt)Thesuffix-inThissuffixdesignatesafemalepersonandisaddedtothemalecounterpart.Architekt(malearchitect)-Archite