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4、瓣懣懣摹§女曩?j}i,中文摘要本文通過理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法,主要研究了共沸物萃取精餾溶劑的選擇以及共沸混合物的間歇萃取精餾工藝。提出了通過基團(tuán)貢獻(xiàn)法和分子設(shè)計(jì)相結(jié)合選擇溶劑的方法,并用該方法選擇乙腈一甲苯共沸體系的溶劑,選出的萃取劑為二甲苯、三甲苯、丙基苯、二乙基苯、1,3一二甲基一5一乙基苯、對(duì)叔丁基甲苯和丁基苯。對(duì)于所選的萃取劑,應(yīng)用UNIFAC活度系數(shù)模型進(jìn)行了汽液平衡計(jì)算。采用汽液平衡實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定了乙腈一甲苯一異丙苯、乙腈一甲苯~對(duì)叔丁基甲苯、乙腈一甲苯一對(duì)二乙基苯的汽液平衡數(shù)據(jù),擬合出乙腈一對(duì)叔丁基甲苯,甲苯一對(duì)叔丁基甲苯,乙腈一對(duì)二乙基苯以及甲苯一對(duì)二乙基苯的W
5、ilson活度系數(shù)方程參數(shù)。用間歇萃取精餾實(shí)驗(yàn)考察了不同萃取劑分離乙腈一甲苯共沸混合物的效果,并研究了不同操作參數(shù)對(duì)間歇萃取精餾過程的影響。采用乙二醇為溶劑間歇萃取精餾分離乙腈一水共沸混合物,測(cè)定了乙腈一乙二醇體系的汽液平衡數(shù)據(jù),并擬合出其Wilson活度系數(shù)方程參數(shù)。進(jìn)行了乙腈一水共沸混合物的間歇萃取精餾實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明采用乙二醇作溶劑可以有效分離乙腈一水共沸混合物。提出了間歇“共沸~萃取”精餾概念,并采用環(huán)己烷一丁胺共沸體系,以水為夾帶劑對(duì)間歇“共沸一萃取’’精餾過程進(jìn)行了研究。關(guān)鍵詞:間歇萃取精餾,溶劑選擇,UNIFAC,乙腈一甲苯,乙腈一水,環(huán)己烷一丁胺,“共沸一萃取
6、”精餾ABSTRACTThesolventselectionforextractivedistillationandseparationofazeotropicmixturesbybatchextractivedistillationwerestudiedviatheoreticalanalysisandtheexperimem.Asolventselectionmethodusinggroupcontributioncombinedwimmoleculardesignwasproposed,accordingtothismethod,dimethylbenzene,trime
7、thyl。benzene,isopropylbenzene,diethybenzene,1,3一dimethyl一5-ethylbenzene,4-tert—butyltoluene,butylbenzenewereselectedassolventsforseparationofacetonitrile-toluenemixturebybatchextractivedistillation.Thevapor-liquidequilibriaofacetonitrile.toluenewithdifferentsolventswerecalculatedusingUNIFACg
8、roupcontributionmethod.Thevapor-liquidequilibriaofacetonitrile—toluene-isopropylbenzene,acetonitrile—toluene一4-tert-butyltolueneandacetonitrile—toluene-1,4一diethybenzeneweremeasuredbythevapor—liquidequilibriaexperiments.TheWilsonactivitycoefficientequationparametersofacetonitrile一4一tert—buty
9、ltoluene,toluene.4一tert.butyltoluene,acetonitrile-1,4一diethybenzeneandtoluene一1,4一diethybenzenewerecorrelatedfromexperimentsdata.Differentsolventswereinvestigatedexperimentallybybatchextractivedistillation,thentheeffectsofdifferentoperationparamete