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1、IDEResearchPaperNo.2DecentralizationinNationStateBuildingofIndonesiaKazuhisaMATSUISeniorResearchFellow,InstituteofDevelopingEconomies(IDE-JETRO)August2003IDEResearchPaperNo.2,August20031DecentralizationinNationStateBuildingofIndonesiaKazuhisaMATSUIIntroductionToday,ma
2、nycountries,regardlessofdevelopedordeveloping,aretryingtopromotedecentralization.AccordingtoManor,ashisquotingofNickson’sargument,decentralizationstemsfromthenecessitytostrengthenlocalgovernmentsasproxyofcivilsocietytofilltheyawninggapbetweenthestateandcivilsociety(Ma
3、nor[1999]:30).WiththeendtotheColdWarfollowingthecollapseoftheSovietUnionrenderingthecauseofthe“l(fā)eadershipofthecentralgovernmenttocountercommunism”meaningless,Manorpointsout,ithasbecomeincreasinglydifficulttorespondflexiblytochangesinsocietyunderthecentralizedsystem.Th
4、en,whatbenefitscanbeexpectedfromtheeffectuationofdecentralization?Litvack-Ahmad-Birdcitedthefourpoints:attainmentofallocativeefficiencyinthefaceofdifferentlocalpreferencesforlocalpublicgoods;improvementtogovernmentcompetitiveness;realizationofgoodgovernance;andenhance
5、mentofthelegitimacyandsustainabilityofheterogeneousnationalstates(Litvack,Ahmad&Bird[1998]:5).Theyallcontributetoreducingtheeconomicandsocialcostsofacentralgovernmentunabletorespondtochangesinsocietyandenhancingtheefficiencyofstateadministrationthroughthedelegationofa
6、uthoritytolocalgovernments.WhydidIndonesiahaveagoatdecentralization?AsMaryanovrecognizes,reasonsfortheimplementationofdecentralizationinIndonesiahaveneverbeenexplicitlypresented(Maryanov[1958]:17).ButtherewasstrongmomentumtowardbuildingademocraticstateinIndonesiaatthe
7、timeofindependence,andasindicatedbyprovisionsofArticle18ofthe1945Constitution,therewasthetendencyinIndonesiafromthebeginningtodebatedecentralizationinassociationwithdemocratization.Thatsaiddebateaboutdemocratizationwasfairlyabstractandthemainpointsaretoeasethetensions
8、,quietthecomplaints,satisfythepoliticalforcesandthusstabilizetheprocessofgovernment(Maryanov[1958]:26-27).Whattriggereddecen
