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1、05/20/05EffectiveSynchronizationonLinux/NUMASystems1EffectiveSynchronizationonLinux/NUMASystemsGelatoConference2005thMay20,2005byChristophLameter,Ph.D.christoph@lameter.com?2005SiliconGraphics,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Effectivelockingisnecessaryforsatisfactoryperformanceonla
2、rgeItaniumbasedNUMAsystems.SynchronizationofparallelexecutingstreamsonNUMAmachinesiscurrentlyrealizedintheLinuxkernelthroughavarietyofmechanismswhichincludeatomicoperations,lockingandorderingofmemoryaccesses.Varioussynchronizationmethodsmayalsobecombinedinordertoincreasep
3、erformance.ThetalkpresentstherealizationofbasicsynchronizationinLinuxonItaniumandtheninvestigatesmorecomplexlockingschemes.ThecurrentLinuxlockingmechanismsrelyheavilyonasimplespinlockimplementationthatmaybefittingforsystemsofupto8processors.However,spinlockscauseexcessive
4、cachelinebouncingifmoreprocessorsarecontendingforalock.SomeapproachesthathavesofarbeenmadetosolvethecontentionissuearepresentedanditisthensuggestedtouseanimplementationforLinuxoftheapproachfirstproposedbyZoranRadovicwhichhecalled"HierarchicalBackoffLocks".05/20/05Effectiv
5、eSynchronizationonLinux/NUMASystems2TableofContents1Introduction.......................................................................................................................32BasicAtomicity.........................................................................
6、........................................42.1Cachelines................................................................................................................52.2Atomicnatureofprocessoroperations.....................................................................
7、.62.3Utilizingoperationalatomicityforlistprocessing....................................................62.4Barriersandacquire/release....................................................................................73Atomicsemaphoreinstructions..........................
8、...............................................................93.1Compareandexchange...........
