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1、中國石油大學(xué)(華東)碩士學(xué)位論文以淀粉為原料合成烷基糖苷工藝的研究姓名:閆興富申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專業(yè):化學(xué)工藝指導(dǎo)教師:范維玉20081001摘要烷基糖苷作為新一代非離子型表面活性劑,具有優(yōu)良的性能。與其它表面活性劑配伍性好,對(duì)皮膚刺激性低,生物降解好毒性低等優(yōu)點(diǎn);且成本低,無污染,是一種環(huán)境友好的表面活性劑。本文在回顧新型綠色表面活性劑—烷基糖苷的研究進(jìn)展基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)烷基糖苷的合成方法,反應(yīng)機(jī)理,應(yīng)用前景和工業(yè)化進(jìn)行概括和比較。在此基礎(chǔ)上通過實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了以淀粉和高級(jí)醇為原料的轉(zhuǎn)糖苷法合成烷基糖苷,并對(duì)所得產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行表征,尋求最佳的合成工藝和理想的產(chǎn)品性能。本文以馬鈴薯淀粉和玉米淀粉為原
2、料,研究催化劑、物料配比、反應(yīng)溫度等條件對(duì)工藝和產(chǎn)品性能的影響。通過對(duì)反應(yīng)條件的探索,最終確定了最佳的反應(yīng)溫度:馬鈴薯淀粉基APG:115,---,120。C;玉米淀粉基APG:115"--120℃;反應(yīng)物料配比:合成馬鈴薯淀粉基APG中乙二醇、十二醇、淀粉中葡萄糖單體摩爾比為6:3:1;合成玉米淀粉基APG中乙二醇、十二醇、淀粉中葡萄糖單體摩爾比為5:3:1。乙二醇、十二醇與淀粉的比為6:l;復(fù)合催化劑配比(摩爾比):對(duì)甲苯磺酸與濃磷酸的比為3:1;復(fù)合催化劑用量(總反應(yīng)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)):馬鈴薯淀粉基APG為0.5%;玉米淀粉基APG為0.6%;反應(yīng)時(shí)間為4h;蒸餾真空度為0.08MP
3、a,蒸餾溫度110。C,蒸餾時(shí)間為30min等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。關(guān)鍵詞:表面活性劑;烷基糖苷;轉(zhuǎn)糖苷法合成;淀粉ABSTRACTAsagreennewlynon-ionicsurfactantAlkylPolyglycosides(APG)waswidelyusedinfactories,ordinarylifeandenvironment,etc.BycontrasttoothersurfactantAPGhasexcellentperformance,suchasdecreasedsurfacetensionobviously,plentifulfoamandconsistent,bet
4、terdecontaminationability,innocuity,nothrill,bestmatchwithotheractivesurfactant,sterilizeandincreasedbiologyactive.Basedontheliteratureswehaveaclearcomprehensionofmechanismonthesynthesisreactionandthepotentialprospectsinthefuture.Inthispaper,undertheretrospectofgreennewlysurfactant—AlkylPolygly
5、cosides(APG)wecompareandgeneralizethemethod,reactionmechanism,theprospectofapplyingandindustrialization.Thenwedidmanyexperimentsandfoundtheoptimistsynthetictechnicsandgotperfectproductperformance.Inthispaper,thesynthesisandapplicationofAPGWasstudiedthroughtheTrans—glycosidationmethod.Thevirtual
6、factorofreactionconditionwastheratioofrawmaterials,theamountofcatalysts,thereactiontemperature,etc.Thoughselectedcatalyze,wehadselectedphosphateandp-toluencesulfonicacid.Andwegainedoptimistratioism(phosphate):m(p—toluencesulfonicacid)is3:1.ThedosageofcatalyzesystemisthatpotatostarchisO.5%andtom
7、starchis0.6%.DistillationvacuumiS0.08MPaunder110℃for30minutes.Theeffectsofamountofcatalyst,ratioofrawmaterials,temperatureandtimeonthereactionwerestudied.Forpotatoitisreactedwiththeratioofm(glyc01):m(dodecan01):m(starch)=6:3:lat11