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1、Chem.Rev.1995,95,477-510477MethodsforPreparationofCatalyticMaterialsJamesA.Schwarz*DepartmentofChemicalEngineeringandMaterialsScience,SyracuseUniversity,Syracuse,NewYork13244-1190CristianContescuandAdrianaContescuInstituteofPhysicalChemistty,RomanianAcademy,Spl.lndependentei202,Bucharest77208,
2、RomaniaReceivedMay2,1994(RevisedManuscriptReceivedOctober31,1994)Contentspreparativeproceduresavailabletocreatecatalyticmaterials.Toaccomplishthisobjective,wesoughtI.Introduction477themostrecentliterature.Ourreview,therefore,II.Three-DimensionalChemistry480focusesonresearchreportedmainlyinthep
3、astfiveA.Liquid-LiquidBlending480years.1.Precipitation481Thegoalofacatalystmanufactureristoproduce2.Coprecipitation482andreproduceacommercialproductwhichcanbe3.Complexation483usedasastable,active,andselectivecatalyst.To4.Gelation484achievethisgoal,thebestpreparativesolutionis5.Crystallization4
4、86soughtwhichresultsinsufficientlyhighsurfacearea,8.Solid-SolidBlending489goodporosity,andsuitablemechanicalstrength.TheC.Liquid-SolidBlending490firstofthese,surfacearea,isanessentialrequire-111.SolidTransformations490mentinthatreactantsshouldbeaccessibletoaA.EpitaxialMetallicFilms491maximumnu
5、mberofactivesites.ThepropertiesofB.UnsupportedBulkMetals491agoodcatalystforindustrialusemaybedivided,atleastforthepurposeofeasyclassification,intotwoC.AmorphousAlloys492categories:(1)propertieswhichdeterminedirectlyD.ColloidalMetals492catalyticactivityandselectivity,heresuchfactorsasIV.Two-Dim
6、ensionalChemistry493bulkandsurfacechemicalcomposition,localmicro-A.MountingDissolvedPrecursorsfromAqueous494structure,andphasecompositionareimportant;andPhase(2)propertieswhichensuretheirsuccessfulimple-1.Impregnation495mentationinthecatalyticprocess,herethermaland2.HomogeneousDeposition-Preci
7、pitation496mechanicalstability,porosity,shape,anddimension3.tonExchange498ofcatalystparticlesenter.Therequirementswhich4.ColloidalEvents:ElectrostaticAdsorption499arefundamentalforcatalystperformancegenerally5.CoordinativeEvents:Graftin
