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1、圓園15,34(1):196-204農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學學報2015年1月允燥怎則灶葬造燥棗粵早則燥鄄耘灶增蚤則燥灶皂藻灶賊雜糟蚤藻灶糟藻秸稈還田下“麥-稻”輪作生產(chǎn)生命周期能耗及溫室氣體排放*楊娟,王昌全,白根川,游來勇,易云亮,黃帆,李喜喜(四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學資源環(huán)境學院,成都611130)摘要:應(yīng)用生命周期評價方法,將“小麥-水稻”輪作生產(chǎn)體系生命周期劃分為原料開采、農(nóng)資生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)田種植三個階段,對秸稈不還田、全量還田、半量還田3種還田量下,生命周期各階段的能源消耗與溫室氣體排放進行了清單分析,并進行了溫室氣體增溫潛
2、勢評價。結(jié)果表明:以氮肥生產(chǎn)為主的農(nóng)資生產(chǎn)階段與原料開采階段是能源消耗的主要階段,占作物生產(chǎn)全生命周期能耗的70%左右;溫室氣體排放則以農(nóng)田種植階段為主。相較秸稈不還田處理,秸稈全量還田和半量還田增加了作物產(chǎn)量,降低了單位產(chǎn)品(分別為1t小麥和1t水稻)生產(chǎn)的CO2、N2O排放量,分別減排CO227.05%、31.23%,減排N2O17.74%、14.51%,而CH4排放分別增加39.56%、12.38%;但在20a、100a時間尺度上,農(nóng)田綜合增溫潛勢GWP均顯著降低。秸稈還田配合氮肥減施能有效降低農(nóng)田生
3、產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)生命周期能耗及溫室氣體增溫潛勢。關(guān)鍵詞:秸稈;溫室氣體;生命周期評價中圖分類號:X712文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1672-2043(2015)01-0196-09doi:10.11654/jaes.2015.01.028LifeCycleEnergyConsumptionandGreenhouseGasEmissionsofWheat-RiceRotationSystemwithStrawReturningYANGJuan,WANGChang-quan*,BAIGen-chuan,YOULai-yon
4、g,YIYun-liang,HUANGFan,LIXi-xi(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,SichuanAgriculturalUniversity,Chengdu611130,China)Abstract:Inthisstudy,weusedlifecycleinventory(LCI)toanalyzetheenergyconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissionsofwheat-ricerotationsystemwithstrawret
5、urningateachphaseofthelifecycle.Globalwarmingpotential(GWP)ofthissystemwasalsoevaluated.Thelifecycleofthewheat-ricerotationsystemwasdividedintothreephases—rawmaterialmining,agriculturalsupplyproductionandcropgrowing.Threestrawreturningratesweredesigned:che
6、micalfertilizeronly(N1),chemicalfertilizerpluswholericestrawreturning(N1+S),andchemicalfertilizerplushalfricestrawreturning(N1+0.5S).Wefoundthatagriculturalsupplyproduction(nitrogenfertilizerproduction)andrawmaterialminingaccountedfornearly70%ofenergyconsu
7、mptionofthewholelifecycle,whilecroplandwasthemainsourceofGHGemissions.InN1+SandN1+0.5Streatments,cropyieldsincreasedby14.31%and15.46%,whileCO2emissionpertonneofyieldsdecreasedby27.05%and31.23%,andN2Oemissionby17.74%and14.51%,butCH4emissionsincreasedby39.56
8、%and12.38%,re原spectively,comparedwithnostrawreturning.However,strawreturningsignificantlydecreasedGWPon20-and100-yeartimescales.Ourfindingsindicatethatapplicationsofstrawandnitrogenfertilizercouldhelptoreduce