資源描述:
《初中英語語法——定語從句》由會員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、定語從句定語從句在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,有時也可以修飾部分或整個句子。被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。關(guān)系代詞有:who,whom,whose,that,which,as。關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why,how。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起連接作用,同時又可做定語從句的一個成分。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做賓語時可以省略。定語從句中的謂語動詞必須在人稱上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。1、
2、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1)who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(who/that在從句中作主語)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.(whom/that在從句中作賓語)2)whose用來指人或物,(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同ofwhich互換),例如:Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.3)which,that它們所代
3、替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.(which/that在句中作賓語)Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.(which/that在句中作賓語)關(guān)系代詞that和which都可以指物,that和Who都可以指人,其用法區(qū)別:不用that的情況:a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(錯)T
4、hetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b)介詞后不能用Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.c)多用who的情況①關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.②先行詞為those,people時Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.③先行詞為all,anyone
5、,ones,one指人時Onewhodoesn'tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.④在Therebe句型中Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.⑤在被分隔的定語從句中AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.⑥在有兩個定語從句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個以上的并列定語從句時,后一個必須重復(fù)前一個關(guān)系代詞。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeeti
6、ngisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.2)只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a)在不定代詞,如:anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時,只用that,不用which。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,th
7、ethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.b)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thejust修飾時,只用that。Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(thelast)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只用that。ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas"ThePrinceandthePauper"byMarkTwin.d)先行詞既有人,又有物時。Hetalkedabo
8、uttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.e)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開始的特殊疑問句時,用that以避免重復(fù)。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.f)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.2、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替