文章Hydrogen and Future Energy Sources.doc

文章Hydrogen and Future Energy Sources.doc

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時間:2019-04-29

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1、HydrogenandFutureEnergySourcesWelearnedthatfossilfuelswereformedbeforeandduringthetimeofthedinosaurs-whenplantsandanimalsdied.Theirdecomposedremainsgraduallychangedovertheyearstoformcoal,oilandnaturalgas.Fossilfuelstookmillionsofyearstomake.Weareusingupthefuelsformedmo

2、rethan65millionyearsago.Theycan'tberenewed;theycan'tbemadeagain.Wecansavefossilfuelsbyconservingandfindingwaystoharnessenergyfromseemingly"endlesssources,"likethesunandthewind.Wecan'tusefossilfuelsforeverastheyareanon-renewableandfiniteresource.Somepeoplesuggestthatwes

3、houldstartusinghydrogen.Hydrogenisacolorless,odorlessgasthataccountsfor75percentoftheentireuniverse'smass.HydrogenisfoundonEarthonlyincombinationwithotherelementssuchasoxygen,carbonandnitrogen.Tousehydrogen,itmustbeseparatedfromtheseotherelements.Today,hydrogenisusedpr

4、imarilyinammoniamanufacturing,petroleumrefiningandsynthesisofmethanol.It'salsousedinNASA'sspaceprogramasfuelforthespaceshuttles,andinfuelcellsthatprovideheat,electricityanddrinkingwaterforastronauts.Fuelcellsaredevicesthatdirectlyconverthydrogenintoelectricity.Inthefut

5、ure,hydrogencouldbeusedtofuelvehicles(suchastheDaimlerChryslerNeCar4showninthepicturetotheright)andaircraft,andprovidepowerforourhomesandoffices.Hydrogencanbemadefrommoleculescalledhydrocarbonsbyapplyingheat,aprocessknownas"reforming"hydrogen.Thisprocessmakeshydrogenfr

6、omnaturalgas.Anelectricalcurrentcanalsobeusedtoseparatewaterintoitscomponentsofoxygenandhydrogeninaprocesscalledelectrolysis.Somealgaeandbacteria,usingsunlightastheirenergysource,giveoffhydrogenundercertainconditions.Hydrogenasafuelishighinenergy,yetamachinethatburnspu

7、rehydrogenproducesalmostzeropollution.NASAhasusedliquidhydrogensincethe1970stopropelrocketsandnowthespaceshuttleintoorbit.Hydrogenfuelcellspowertheshuttle'selectricalsystems,producingacleanby-product-purewater,whichthecrewdrinks.Youcanthinkofafuelcellasabatterythatisco

8、nstantlyreplenishedbyaddingfueltoit-itneverlosesitscharge.ToviewaFLASHvideoofhowafuelcellworks,gototheBallardPowerSys

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