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1、Unit1IDENTIFYPEOPLEANDTHINGS一、非謂語動(dòng)詞概述1.什么是謂語動(dòng)詞？什么是非謂語動(dòng)詞？謂語動(dòng)詞：在句子中充當(dāng)謂語的動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞：是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句子中可以充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞外的成分。2.非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中的作用一個(gè)句子中已存在一個(gè)主句（含謂語動(dòng)詞），又沒有連詞的情況下，再出現(xiàn)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞則用非謂語動(dòng)詞。eg.Shegotoffthebus,butshe________(leave)herhandbagontheseat.Shegotoffthebus,________(leave)herhandbago
2、ntheseat.3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的種類：不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）leftleaving4.非謂語動(dòng)詞的三種最基本形式：todo:doing:done:5.非謂語動(dòng)詞的各種形式：tododoing定語表將來；狀語表目的、結(jié)果主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行被動(dòng)、完成todotobedone(被動(dòng)式)tobedoing(進(jìn)行式)tohavedone(完成式)tohavebeendone(完成被動(dòng)式)doingbeingdone(被動(dòng)式)havingdone(完成式)havingbeendone(完成被動(dòng)式)done只有一種形式注意：
3、否定時(shí)一律將not放于非謂語動(dòng)詞前。二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法比較（一）非謂語動(dòng)詞語法功能比較主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)todo不定式doing動(dòng)名詞doing現(xiàn)在分詞done過去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√（二）不定式(todo)與動(dòng)名詞(doing)作主語的區(qū)別1.todo表某一具體動(dòng)作，doing表習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或抽象概念。eg._________(swim)isagoodformofexercise._________(swim)thisafternoonsoundsgood.2.都可以用it作形式主語構(gòu)成相應(yīng)句型。不定式用it
4、作形式主語：Itisadj./n.(for/ofsb.)todosth.動(dòng)名詞用it作形式主語：Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.其他需做區(qū)分的句型：There’snosense/point(in)doingsth.There’snodoingthat…There’snoneed(forsb.)todosth.SwimmingToswim（三）不定式(todo)與動(dòng)名詞(doing)作賓語的區(qū)別1.絕大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞后跟不定式(todo)做賓語如：decide,dete
5、rmine,want,expect，wish,hope,agree,refuse，manage,offer,pretend,promise等。2.只跟動(dòng)名詞(doing)作賓語的動(dòng)詞：mepsckarfi妹不吃咖啡mind,miss(錯(cuò)過)，mention，enjoy，escape,practise,postpone(推遲),permit,suggest,stand(bear,tolerate),consider(考慮)，keep,avoid,admit,advise,allow,appreciate,risk,resist
6、(抵制),recommend，finish,forbid(禁止),imagine。還有：dislikedelay,understand,quit,deny(否認(rèn))。注意：1)allow/permit/advise/recommenddoing，但allow/permit/advise/recommendsb.todo2)forbiddoing，但forbidsb.todo或forbidsb.fromdoing3.可跟不定式(todo)也可跟動(dòng)名詞(doing)作賓語的動(dòng)詞1）意義有區(qū)別：meantrystopgoonreme
7、mberforgetcan’thelpregretasifonly注意：asif和only并非動(dòng)詞，但在這里一起進(jìn)行了歸納。2）意義無區(qū)別：continuetodo/doing,starttodo/doing,begintodo/doingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoing4.不定式(todo)作賓語后有補(bǔ)語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語。常見結(jié)構(gòu)：think/believe/consid
8、er/find/feel/+it+adj./n.+todoeg.我認(rèn)為有必要向老師求助。Ithinkitnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.我覺得幫助別人是我的職責(zé)。Ifeelitmydutytohelpothers.（四）非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語的區(qū)別1.不定式(to
