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1、第22卷第5期水土保持學(xué)報Vol.22No.52008年10月JournalofSoilandWaterConservationOct.,2008*暴雨徑流對流域不同土地利用土壤氮磷流失的影響1,211221,*陳志良,程炯,劉平,彭曉春,許振成,吳志峰(1.廣東省生態(tài)環(huán)境與土壤研究所,廣州510650;2.環(huán)境保護(hù)部華南環(huán)境科學(xué)研究所,廣州510655)摘要:以廣州流溪河流域內(nèi)土地利用類型齊全、相對閉合的小流域新田小流域為例,分析了不同暴雨徑流過程與土地利用對氮、磷流失的影響,結(jié)果表明:(1)林地氮磷的流失較少,說明植被覆蓋可
2、以有效減少土壤侵蝕、總磷和總氮的流失;而坡耕地是氮磷流失的重要策源地,說明人類活動對土壤氮磷的干擾很大。(2)流域徑流中氮、磷的流失形態(tài)分為可溶態(tài)和顆粒態(tài),徑流中流失是以顆粒態(tài)形式流失,即氮磷是以泥沙結(jié)合形式流失的;徑流中氮素主要是以可溶態(tài)氮流失的。(3)氮磷濃度在降雨初期與末期最大。(4)降雨徑流是引起土壤氮磷損失的重要原因,但不同的土地利用方式是造成土壤氮磷流失的本質(zhì)因素,因此在降雨前應(yīng)特別注意減少和避免那些會加劇土壤侵蝕和磷流失的農(nóng)事活動。關(guān)鍵詞:暴雨徑流;土地利用;氮流失;磷流失;新田小流域中圖分類號:S151.9文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:
3、A文章編號:10092242(2008)05003004AnExperimentonInfluenceofStormonNitrogenLossandPhosphorusLossunderDifferentLandUseinRiverBasin1,211221,*CHENZhiliang,CHENGJiong,LIUPing,PENGXiaochun,XUZhencheng,WUZhifeng(1.GuangdongInstituteofEcoEnvironmentalandSoilScience,Guangzhou,
4、Guangdong510650;2.SouthChinaInstituteofEnvironmentalScience,SEPA,Guangzhou,Guangdong510650)Abstract:Landuseandstormarekeyrolesofsoilerosion,whichisanimportantsourceofnonpointpollution.Differentintensityofstormandlandusepatternmaybegreatimpactedonlossesofnitrogenandphosph
5、eres.Thispaperwasillustratedtherelationbetweendifferentintensityofstormandlandusepatterninfluencesonnitrogenandphosphoruslosses.WeselectedarepresentativeandrelativelyclosedwatershedwithallkindsoflandusepatterninLiuxiheriverbasintoconductthepresentstudy.FromMaytoSeptembero
6、f2006,seriesofwatersampleswerecollectedinthestudyareawatershedmonitorspotsineachstormevent,atthesametime,flowrateandwaterdepthwerealsomeasured.Sixindicatorsofwaterqualityweremeasured,suchastotaldissolvedphosphorus(TDP),totalnitrogen(TP),chemicaloxygendemand(COD),am+moni
7、anitrogen(NH4-N),totalnitrogen(TN)andnitratenitrogen.Theresultsareasfollow:Thenitrogenandphosphoruslossofforestisleast,whichindicatedthatvegetationcansuspendthesoilerosionandnitrogenandphosphoruslosseffectively.However,slopefarmlandwasanimportantsourceofnonpointpollution
8、,thisphenomenonsuggeststhathumanactivitybeakeyroleonnitrogenandphosphorusloss,intheinvest
