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《骨架型拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究》由會(huì)員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫(kù)。
1、摘要無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)、通信、傳感器、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等技術(shù)結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物,具有廣泛的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和使用價(jià)值。然而,過多的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景如果都綜合在一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)上,勢(shì)必使得傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計(jì)過于復(fù)雜化,造成產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格提升,從而與傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計(jì)初衷背道而馳。不同的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用決定了不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),也決定了網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的工作方式。針對(duì)具體的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用來設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的通信協(xié)議,可以把網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)信息得到更好的利用,從而達(dá)到更好的系統(tǒng)性能,而且還可以控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成本。本著上述思想,本文著重研究無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在樓層以及公路環(huán)境下的應(yīng)用,為這些應(yīng)用建立了骨架型拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)模
2、型。該模型只需要覆蓋交叉的直線,而不是整個(gè)平面。全篇圍繞著該模型,設(shè)計(jì)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)中的核心內(nèi)容:節(jié)點(diǎn)放置方法、MAC算法、網(wǎng)絡(luò)初始化方法以及路由算法。本文提出了采用節(jié)點(diǎn)離散功率模型來為網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)建模,以此來實(shí)現(xiàn)最優(yōu)的節(jié)點(diǎn)放置方式,從而減小網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗,并延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)持續(xù)時(shí)間。本文的仿真結(jié)果表明,與常用的節(jié)點(diǎn)功率模型相比,該模型可以降低網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗達(dá)6%,并延長(zhǎng)17%的網(wǎng)絡(luò)持續(xù)時(shí)間。在現(xiàn)有的S-MAC協(xié)議基礎(chǔ)上,利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),本文提出了流水線型S-MAC(PS-MAC)協(xié)議。該協(xié)議繼承了S-MAC優(yōu)秀的節(jié)能性能,同時(shí)減小了S-MAC引入的網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸延時(shí)。本文還設(shè)計(jì)了快
3、速的網(wǎng)絡(luò)初始化流程,該過程在為網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)分配ID時(shí),也同時(shí)建立了網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)的路由信息,從而使得本文設(shè)計(jì)的路由協(xié)議很簡(jiǎn)單。本文提出了骨架型拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò),并且為該網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)了一系列的核心算法,為該類網(wǎng)絡(luò)的實(shí)施提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)鍵字:無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò);節(jié)點(diǎn)離散功率模型;節(jié)點(diǎn)放置;網(wǎng)絡(luò)初始化;S-MAC;PS-MACIAbstractTheWirelessSensorNetworks(WSN)istheproductofthecombinationofMEMS,communication,sensorandnetworktechnologies.Itisfores
4、eenandbeingprovedthatWSNwouldbewidelyusedinallareas.However,beingwidelyusedinvariousareasalsocomplicatesthedesignofWSN,consequentlyincreasesthepricesofWSNapplicationproducts.ThisseemstoberunningawayfromtheinitiationofWSN,whichistomakeitcheapandconvenient.DifferentapplicationsofWSNre
5、quiredifferentnetworktopologiesandnodeworkingmodes.Weneedtodesignnetworkprotocolsfordifferentapplicationstotakeuseofthenetworktopology,soastoachievebetternetworkperformanceandlowerproductprices.Inthispaper,wekeepabovepointsinmind,andfocusedononlyonescenario:theapplicationofWSNformon
6、itoringariveroraroad,whichneedsnofullcoverageofaplane,butasetoflines.WemodelthiskindofnetworksasWirelessSensorNetworkswithSkelenton-basedNetworkTopology,andresearchthenodeplacementalgorithm,MACalgorithm,routingalgorithmandnetworkinitializationmethods.WeintroducethenewDiscretePowerMo
7、delforSensorNodestofindthemostoptimalnodeplacementmethodtoreducenetworkenergyconsumptionandincreasenetworklifetime.Oursimulationresultsshowthatthenetworkusingournodemodelreducesenergyconsumptionofnetworkby7%comparedwithnormalsensornodemodel,andincreasesnetworklifetimeby16%.Basedonth
8、ecurrentS-MACprotoc