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1、生態(tài)與農(nóng)村環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào)2010,26(6):586-590JournalofEcologyandRuralEnvironment生態(tài)溝渠對(duì)農(nóng)田排水中氮磷的去除機(jī)理初探1,21111王巖,王建國(guó),李偉,薄錄吉,楊林章(1中國(guó)科學(xué)院南京土壤研究所,江蘇南京210008;2江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境研究所,江蘇南京210014)摘要:在野外分別構(gòu)建生態(tài)溝渠(采用分布有10cm10cm長(zhǎng)方形孔的混凝土板材,溝底、溝壁種植植物)、對(duì)照溝渠1(采用硬質(zhì)化混凝土板材,未人為布設(shè)植物)和對(duì)照溝渠2(土質(zhì)溝渠,未人為布設(shè)植物),研究了3種溝
2、渠對(duì)顆粒物的攔截效果及其機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明,生態(tài)溝渠對(duì)農(nóng)田排水中氮磷的高效去除機(jī)理主要表現(xiàn)在溝渠植物的吸收、過(guò)濾箱中的基質(zhì)吸附和植物吸收、溝渠攔截壩所產(chǎn)生的減緩流速和沉降泥沙等方面。其中,溝渠植物吸收氮磷分別占夏季試驗(yàn)進(jìn)水氮磷總量的6830%和7845%,泥沙沉降占105%和505%;生態(tài)溝渠放置過(guò)濾箱后的氮磷去除效果顯著好于未放置時(shí),過(guò)濾箱中的植物吸收氮磷占放置過(guò)濾箱試驗(yàn)進(jìn)水氮磷量的037%和155%,過(guò)濾箱中的基質(zhì)吸附占1082%和3794%;生態(tài)溝渠設(shè)置攔截壩時(shí)的水力停留時(shí)間較未設(shè)攔截壩時(shí)延長(zhǎng)20倍。關(guān)鍵詞:農(nóng)田排水;生態(tài)
3、溝渠;氮;磷;植物;流速;過(guò)濾箱;攔截壩中圖分類號(hào):X17文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1673-4831(2010)06-0586-05InitialExplorationofMechanismofEcologicalDitchInterceptingNitrogenandPhosphorusinDrainageFrom1,21111Farmland.WANGYan,WANGJianguo,LIWei,BOLuji,YANGLinzhang(1.InstituteofSoilScience,ChineseAcademyofScien
4、ces,Nanjing210008,China;2.InstituteofAgriculturalResourcesandEnvironment,JiangsuAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Nanjing210014,China)Abstract:Threedifferenttypesofdrainageditches,ecologicalditch,controlditch#1andcontrolditch#2werebuiltupinthefieldforstudyoftheirrespectiveeffec
5、tivenessininterceptingparticulatesindrainageandtheirmechanisms.ItwasfoundthattheeffectivenessoftheecologicalditchremovingNandPfromdrainagewasmanifestedinNandPuptakebyditchplants,adsorptionbysubstratesanduptakebyplantsinthefilterbox,reducedflowrateandsiltsettlementcausedbyin
6、terceptingdamsinditch,etc.OfthetotalNandPinthedrainageofthesummerexperiment,6830%and7845%wereremovedbyditchplants,105%and505%bysediment.OfthetotalNandPinthedrainageofthewinterexperiment,037%and155%wereremovedbyfilterboxplants,1082%and3794%byfilterboxsubstrate.Mor
7、eover,theecologicalditchwithinterceptiondamswastwiceasmucheffectiveasthecontrolsinextendingthehydraulicretentiontime(HRT).Keywords:fielddrainage;ecologicalditch;N;P;plant;flowrate;filterbox;interceptiondam農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染已成為太湖流域重要的污染來(lái)1材料與方法源,其對(duì)太湖的氮磷貢獻(xiàn)率分別達(dá)83%和84%,其[1-2]中農(nóng)田的污染貢獻(xiàn)不容忽
8、視。在眾多針對(duì)太湖1.1試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染的治理方法中,生態(tài)溝渠法具試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)設(shè)在江蘇省宜興市丁蜀鎮(zhèn)渭瀆村農(nóng)田有較高的氮磷去除率和較好的景觀效應(yīng),其動(dòng)態(tài)氮(
