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1、湖泊的宜漁性評價研究——以巢湖為例摘要湖泊漁業(yè)資源是一種可更新的資源,只要利用得當(dāng),就會取之不盡,用之不竭。湖泊漁業(yè)的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展首先依賴于可持續(xù)利用的湖泊水域環(huán)境資源,研究湖泊的宜漁性水平,分析影響湖泊漁業(yè)發(fā)展指標(biāo)因子,有利于保護(hù)水生生物的多樣性,促進(jìn)湖泊漁業(yè)資源的可持續(xù)利用。湖泊的宜漁性評價包含了湖泊的形態(tài)特征、集雨區(qū)、淹沒區(qū)和消落區(qū)概況、湖泊的理化性狀、生物學(xué)性狀、自然環(huán)境、氣候氣象和水文條件等方面。本文結(jié)合具體情況把湖泊的宜漁性評價指標(biāo)體系分為湖泊形態(tài)和自然環(huán)境、湖泊的理化性狀和湖泊的生物學(xué)性狀三個子系統(tǒng),每一個子系統(tǒng)由若干個單項指標(biāo)
2、(或子系統(tǒng))組成。文中以巢湖為實例對指標(biāo)體系在湖泊的宜漁性評價中進(jìn)行了實例研究。經(jīng)評價巢湖的宜漁水平指數(shù)在0.10~0.50之間,宜漁水平處于中低水平,評價結(jié)果也較為符合巢湖的實際情況,并根據(jù)評價結(jié)果對巢湖漁業(yè)發(fā)展存在的主要問題進(jìn)行了分析。關(guān)鍵詞:宜漁性指標(biāo)體系模型湖泊TheResearchonAssessmentsforFisheryEvaluation—ACaseStudyofChaohuLakeAbstractFisheryisarenewableresource.Itisunexhaustedonlywhenproperlyutili
3、zed.resistantandhealthydevelopmentforfisheryreliesonsustainableresourcesofwaterenviroranent.Itwillbehelpfulforpreservingvarietiesofaquaticandpromptingeffectivelytheuseofwatereco.resourcestostudytheassessmentsforfishcIyevaluationandanalyzetheindexoffisheryproblem.researchona
4、ssessmentsforfisherydevelopmentoflakegathersaspectsuchasthelakeformcharacteristic,rainfallare,a,submergingarea,physicsandchemistryproperties,Biologyproperties,naturalenvironment,climatemeteorologicalphenomenaandhydrologycondition.Theindicatorsystemoflakefisheryecaluationdiv
5、idesintothreebuildsystematicallyf酐tklakeformandnaturalenvironment,thelakephysicsandchemistrypropertiesandthelakeBiologypropertiesappraisingindexsystem.eachonebuildsystemiscomposedofsomeindividualeventindex(orsubsystem).ThispaperassessesChaohulakefisheryevaluationandgetthele
6、velofdevelopmentfishingbetweenO.10toO.50.belongstothelow-level.Evaluationresultsaccordwithreality.Basedontheevaluationresults,thispaperpoh譴onthemainproblemofthedevelopmentofthefishingindustryinChaohulake.Keywords:fisheryevaluation,indicatorsystem,model,lake插圖清單圖2.1漁業(yè)水域環(huán)境基本困
7、素及影響機(jī)制???????????????13圖2.2湖泊水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生物區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)?????????????????14圖3.1湖泊的宜漁性評價指標(biāo)體系結(jié)構(gòu)圖???????????????21圖3-2遞階層次結(jié)構(gòu)示意??????????????????????28圖3.3湖泊宣漁水平指數(shù)權(quán)重示意圖?????????????????32圖4.1巢湖采樣點示意圖??????????????????????4l圖4.2巢湖各監(jiān)測點理化性狀宜漁指數(shù)值對比?????????????44圖4.3巢湖各監(jiān)測點生物學(xué)性狀宜漁指數(shù)對比?????????????5
8、0表格清單表1-l中國各湖區(qū)面積及貯水量????????????????????9表1-2中國各湖區(qū)自然環(huán)境特點???????????????????10表3.1相