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1、when,while與as用法之異同■崔長平河南遂平一高(463100)1.從表示的時(shí)間概念來說,這三個(gè)詞的共同特點(diǎn)是:它們所引起的從句都可以表明主句動作發(fā)生在某一段時(shí)間或某一活動過程之中。這時(shí)它們可以互換使用。此時(shí)從句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性的。e.g.As∕When∕Whilehetalkedon,hegotmoreandmoreexcited.Hewasfondofswimmingwhen∕while∕ashewasyetachild.(如果主句動作發(fā)生在某一時(shí)刻,即一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上,這時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語從句可用when或
2、as來引導(dǎo),不能使用while來引導(dǎo),而且謂語動詞多是非延續(xù)性的。)e.g.WhenhearrivedinBeijing,ithappenedtoberaining.Whenhereturnedfromwork,hiswifewascooking.Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.Heraisedhishatwhenhesawher.WhatwereyoudoingwhenIcalledyouonthephonelastnight.Iwillgiveittomymotherwhens
3、heisback.2.就從句動作與主句動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間關(guān)系來說,when引導(dǎo)的從句的動作與主句的動作可以是同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的,也可以是一先一后發(fā)生的,而while和as引導(dǎo)的從句的動作與主句的動作一般都是同時(shí)發(fā)生的,也就是說主句動作限定在從句所表示的時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)。e.g.Ononeoccasion,whenaboy,Iwentfishingwithotherboys.Heturnedoffthelightandwenttobedwhenhefinishedhiswork.IreadthebookasIwalkedal
4、ong.Hewasonlytenwhenhebegantoworkfortheboss.Shewilltakethelettertothepostofficewhenshehasfinishedit.Whenthefiremengotthere,thefirehadbeenputout.Whenshesawthemouse,shescreamed.Strikewhiletheironishot.Workwhileyouwork,playwhileyouplay.Whileantsgrow,theychangethe
5、irformthreetimes.Crusoehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Youwillgrowwiseasyougrowolder.Ashelookedatthenote,hissmilefroze.3.從說話的著眼點(diǎn)來說,我們也可以看出這三個(gè)詞的差異:when引導(dǎo)的從句著意于主句動作發(fā)生在某一特定時(shí)間。e.g.Whenheheardthegoodnews,hewasveryhappy.Whentheboysawthesoldiers,hestoppedworkingont
6、hebranch.另外,when含有“每當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,“在任何……的時(shí)候”之意,條件意味較濃,這時(shí)不可換為while或as。e.g.Itiscoldwhenitsnows.Shesmileswhenyoupraiseher.3while引導(dǎo)的從句注重說明主句的動作發(fā)生在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi),同時(shí)它也側(cè)重說明過程。e.g.Itoftenchangesinspeedanddirectionwhileitismoving.Sheweptwhileshespoke.as引導(dǎo)的從句強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的行為同時(shí)發(fā)生或同時(shí)進(jìn)行(伴隨發(fā)生或
7、進(jìn)行)。e.g.Tomlaughedashespoke.TheclockwasstrikingtwelveasIwalkeddownthestreet.Asshesang,tearsrandownhercheeks.4.當(dāng)主句的主語和從句的主語同指一個(gè)人或事物時(shí),三者都可以后接縮略形式。1)when后可接:①名詞或名詞詞組e.g.Whenachild,heusedtogotoplayonthesea.②形容詞e.g.Ifyoulieuponroseswhenyoung,youwilllieuponthornswhe
8、nold.③介詞短語e.g.WhenatRomedoastheRomansdo.④現(xiàn)在分詞(與句子的主語呈現(xiàn)邏輯上主動的主謂關(guān)系)或過去分詞(與句子的主語呈現(xiàn)邏輯上被動的主謂關(guān)系)e.g.Hegavenoanswerwhenaskedwhattodonext.Wewearplimsollswhendoingphysicalexercisesatschool.