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1、作物學(xué)報ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2014,40(12):2169?2175http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02169小麥秸稈還田和施鉀對棉花產(chǎn)量與養(yǎng)分吸收的效應(yīng)1112211,*張凡睢寧余超然劉瑞顯楊長琴宋光雷孟亞利1周治國12南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院/農(nóng)業(yè)部南方作物生理生態(tài)重點開放實驗室,江蘇南京210095;江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院經(jīng)濟(jì)作物研究所,江蘇南京2
2、10014–2摘要:在長江流域麥棉兩熟制條件下,以Bt轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲棉為材料,設(shè)置不同秸稈還田量(4500kghm和9000kg–2–2–2hm,即半量還田和全量還田)與施鉀量(K2O,150kghm和300kghm)田間定位試驗,研究小麥秸稈還田對棉花產(chǎn)量和主要養(yǎng)分吸收累積的影響及其與化肥鉀的差異。結(jié)果表明,在施用氮磷肥的基礎(chǔ)上,與對照相比,秸稈全量還田處理顯著提高了鈴數(shù)、鈴重和皮棉產(chǎn)量,還田第2年和第3年產(chǎn)量增長率分別達(dá)143.5%和93.7%;顯著提高了各生育時期尤其是吐絮期生物量和氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分吸收量,延緩了棉花衰老。秸稈還田對鉀吸收的促進(jìn)效應(yīng)大于
3、氮磷,還田第3年棉株鉀累積總量較對照增加335.1%,每生產(chǎn)100kg皮棉鉀吸收比例增大112.1%。秸稈全量還田處理(K2O,約折–2合150kghm)促進(jìn)養(yǎng)分吸收、防止早衰及增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)均顯著大于秸稈半量還田處理,但顯著低于施鉀量(K2O)300kg–2–2–2hm處理,與施鉀量(K2O)150kghm處理的增產(chǎn)效果相當(dāng),但養(yǎng)分吸收量較150kgK2Ohm處理下降。關(guān)鍵詞:秸稈還田;化學(xué)鉀;棉花;養(yǎng)分吸收;產(chǎn)量EffectsofWheatStrawReturningandPotassiumFertilizerApplicationonYieldan
4、dNutrientsUptakeofCotton111221ZHANGFan,SUINing,YUChao-Ran,LIURui-Xian,YANGChang-Qin,SONGGuang-Lei,MENG1,*1Ya-Li,andZHOUZhi-Guo1NanjingAgriculturalUniversity/KeyLaboratoryofCropPhysiology&EcologyinSouthernChina,MinistryofAgriculture,Nanjing210095,2China;InstituteofIndustrialCro
5、ps,JiangsuAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Nanjing210014,China–1–1Abstract:Athree-yearstationaryexperimentwithtreatmentsofwheatstraw(4500kghaand9000kgha)mulchingandK–1–1fertilizer(150kgK2Ohaand300kgK2Oha)applicationwasconductedusinginsect-resistantcottonunderwheat-cottondou-blecr
6、oppingsystemintheLowerReachesofYangtzeRiver(Nanjing).Theresultsshowedthatcomparedwithcontrol(withoutKfertilizerandwheatstrawreturning),totalwheatstrawreturningsignificantlyincreasedbollnumber,bollweightandlintyieldofcottonwithlintyieldincreasingrateof143.5%and93.7%intheseconda
7、ndthirdyearsafterstrawreturning,respectively.Bio-massandnutrientsabsorptionatdifferentgrowthstagesweresignificantlyimprovedbytotalwheatstrawreturning,especiallyinthebollopeningstage,andthesenescenceofvegetativeorganswasdelayed.WheatstrawreturningpromotedKabsorptionmuchgreatert
8、hanNandPabsorption.Comparedwithcontrol,totalKuptakebycottonpl
