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1、中國農業(yè)大學博士學位論文精高效氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯在我國水稻田使用的風險分析和比較姓名:王蔚申請學位級別:博士專業(yè):農業(yè)昆蟲與害蟲防治指導教師:高希武;陳隆智20070501GCH對蝦的毒性比LCH低數(shù)倍,防治害蟲的用量僅為LCH的一半,但在模擬試驗中二者對稻田和與之相連的水塘中水生動物的風險并沒有顯著著異。6.按推薦劑量防治稻田害蟲,用藥后8h內可能會造成稻田內魚的急性死亡,但24h后對魚的風險可以接受。因此可以采用避難所的方式對魚提供暫時的保護;用藥后24h排水對受水水塘中的魚和中華絨螯蟹安
2、全。GCH和LCH對蝦的毒性風險很高,只要用藥,都可能導致水塘中蝦的大量死亡。但如果藥后田間持水7天后再排水,對水塘中的蝦的風險是可以接受的。7.室內模擬試驗表明,菊酯類農藥對蝦的風險遠遠超出了預劃的想象,即使在稻田模擬器中的田水已經(jīng)檢測不到GCH或LCH的情況下再稀釋5倍的水體中.兩種農藥仍然可能導致蝦的死亡。這“研究結果表明對于蝦的風險管理要格外嚴格。關鍵詞:精高效氯氟氰菊酯,高效氯氟氰菊酯,異構體,毒性,龜,蝦,風險評估,風險分析水稻,二化螟,稻縱卷葉螟IIAbstractBecauseofth
3、ehightoxicitytosomeaquaticorganisms,especiallyfishandshrimp,thepyrethroidpesticidesareforbiddentobeusedinrice.InApril2004,ICAMA(InstitutefortheControlofAgrochemicals,MinistryofAgriculture)decidedtoassesswhetherthepyrethroidpesticidescanbeusedinrice.Lamb
4、da·Cyhalothrin(LCH)containstwoisomers,oneofwhichishighactivetoinsectandtheotherisverylow.Gamma-cyhalothrin(GCH)containsonlytheactivestereoisomerthatfoundsinLambda-cyhalothrin.In2004,GCH15CS(CapsuleSuspension)andLCH25EW(EmulsionoilinWater)enteredtheChine
5、semarket.Inthispaper,undertheChinesericecultivationconditionsandthefollowingaquaticorganismsriskassessmentmodeofUSA,wecomparedtheenvironmentriskofGCH15CSandLCH25EWtofish,shrimpandmittencrab.Theexperimentresultsale,asfollows:1.TheLPDequationofGCH15CSandL
6、CH25EWtoChilosuppressal&wereY24.93176+199689xandY=4.57580+1.71568x.respectively.TheLCsovalueswere1.0982Pgai/mland1.7454ggai/ml,respectively.Dosageandtoxicityshowedhighrelativity.LC50valueofGCHwasO.6292timesofLCH,GCHwasmuchtoxicthanLCHtoChilosuppressalis
7、,butdidn’treachtwice.Theconditionsmadapproachesthatpesticidesenterintotheinsectsaredifferentbetweenindoorbio-assayexperimentandfieldefficacytrial,thoughtheresultwasdifferentfromtheexpected,itstillrespectedthehypothesisthatthetoxicityofGCHwasmuchtoxictha
8、nLCHtoChilosuppressalis.2.TheformulationofGCH15CSandLCH25EWbothhadgoodcontroloverCsuppressal括andCnaphalocerusmedinalis,buttheirapplicationratesweredifferent.GCH15CSofferedequivalentactivityathalftherateofLCH25EW.Theresultsuggeste