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1、生理學(xué)報(bào)ActaPhysiologicaSinica,February25,2007,59(1):103-110103http://www.actaps.com.cn研究論文谷氨酸受體在噪聲所致豚鼠螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞損傷中的作用張琰敏，馬蓓*，高文元，文文，劉海瑛第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)生理學(xué)教研室，上海200433摘要：本文旨在研究谷氨酸及其受體在噪聲致豚鼠螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞損傷中的作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)分為在體和離體兩部分。(1)在體實(shí)驗(yàn)：豚鼠分為生理鹽水(NS,10μL)組，NS(10μL)+噪聲組和犬尿喹啉酸(kynurenicacid,KYNA,5mmo
2、l/L,10μL)+噪聲組，每組15只。用微量注射器經(jīng)完整圓窗膜表面給予NS或KYNA；暴露于白噪聲110dBSPL，1h。在圓窗給藥前及噪聲暴露后測(cè)試聽覺腦干誘發(fā)電位(auditorybrainstemresponse,ABR)閾值及Ⅲ波幅值，聽神經(jīng)復(fù)合動(dòng)作電位(compoundactionpotential,CAP)閾值及N1波幅值和潛伏期，測(cè)試后取基底膜進(jìn)行透射電鏡觀察。(2)離體實(shí)驗(yàn)：觀察高濃度谷氨酸對(duì)急性分離的豚鼠螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞的影響。結(jié)果顯示，NS+噪聲組豚鼠ABR及CAP閾移顯著高于KYNA+噪聲組，且Ⅲ波和N1波幅值
3、明顯降低，潛伏期明顯延長。NS+噪聲組豚鼠毛細(xì)胞及傳入神經(jīng)末梢急性水腫和線粒體結(jié)構(gòu)破壞；KYNA+噪聲組豚鼠的毛細(xì)胞和傳入神經(jīng)末梢無明顯變化。離體胞外施加谷氨酸可引起螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞逐漸出現(xiàn)水腫、變性，最后死亡。本實(shí)驗(yàn)提示，噪聲暴露可引起豚鼠聽功能損傷，毛細(xì)胞/傳入神經(jīng)突觸的結(jié)構(gòu)破壞和螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞變性、死亡；這種損傷可能與噪聲暴露引起谷氨酸的過度釋放有關(guān)；谷氨酸通過其受體介導(dǎo)致使螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞損傷，谷氨酸受體的廣譜拮抗劑KYNA可減輕噪聲對(duì)螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞的損傷。關(guān)鍵詞：螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞；聽力損傷；谷氨酸；谷氨酸受體；犬尿喹啉酸中圖分類
4、號(hào)：R764RoleofglutamatereceptorsinthespiralganglionneurondamageinducedbyacousticnoiseZHANGYan-Min,MABei*,GAOWen-Yuan,WENWen,LIUHai-YingDepartmentofPhysiology,theSecondMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Shanghai200433,ChinaAbstract:Theaimofthepresentstudywastoinvestigatetheroleofg
5、lutamatereceptorsinthedamageofspiralganglionneurons(SGNs)inducedbyacuteacousticnoise.Thisinvestigationincludedinvivoandinvitrostudies.Invivo,kynurenicacid(KYNA),abroad-spectrumantagonistofglutamatereceptors,wasappliedtotheroundwindowofguineapigs,anditsprotectiveeffectw
6、asobserved.Theanimalsweredividedintothreegroups:control(saline,0.9%,10μL),saline(0.9%,10μL)+noiseandKYNA(5mmol/L,10μL)+noise.SalineandKYNAwereappliedtotheroundwindowmembranewithamicrosyringe.Theanimalswereexposedto110dBSPLofwhitenoisefor1h.Hearingthresholdsforauditoryb
7、rainstemresponses(ABRs)andcompoundactionpotentials(CAPs)inallanimalsweremeasuredbeforeandaftertreatment.TheamplitudesofIIIwaveformofABRandN1waveformofCAPandthelatencyofN1waveformatdifferentstimulationlevels(intensity-amplitudeandintensity-latencyfunctions)werealsomeasu
8、red.Thecochleaswerethendissectedfortransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)afterfinalelectrophysiologicalmeasurement.Invit
